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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book
Chapter 19

1 A worker who is a drunkard will not become rich. He who despises small things will fall little by little.⁠ 2 Wine and women will make men of understanding go astray. He who joins with prostitutes is reckless.⁠ 3 Decay and worms will have him as their heritage. A reckless soul will be taken away. 4 He who is hasty to trust is shallow-hearted. He who sins offends against his own soul. 5 He who rejoices in wickedness will be condemned. 6 He who hates gossip has less wickedness. 7 Never repeat what is told you, and you won’t lose anything. 8 Whether it is of friend or foe, don’t tell it. Unless it is a sin to you, don’t reveal it. 9 For if he has heard you and observed you, when the time comes, he will hate you. 10 Have you heard something? Let it die with you. Be brave: it will not make you burst!⁠ 11 A fool will labor in pain with a word, as a woman in labor with a child. 12 As an arrow that sticks in the flesh of the thigh, so is gossip in a fool. 13 Question a friend; it may be he didn’t do it. If he did something, it may be that he may do it no more. 14 Question your neighbor; it may be he didn’t say it. If he has said it, it may be that he may not say it again. 15 Question a friend; for many times there is slander. Don’t trust every word.⁠ 16 There is one who slips, and not from the heart. Who is he who hasn’t sinned with his tongue? 17 Reprove your neighbor before you threaten him; and give place to the law of the Most High.

Wisdom and Folly in Speech and Conduct

20 All wisdom is the fear of the Lord. In all wisdom is the doing of the law. 22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom. The prudence of sinners is not counsel.⁠ 23 There is a wickedness, and it is an abomination. There is a fool lacking in wisdom.⁠ 24 Better is one who has little understanding, and fears God, than one who has much intelligence and transgresses the law. 25 There is an exquisite subtlety, and it is unjust. And there is one who perverts favor to gain a judgment. 26 There is one who does wickedly, who hangs down his head with mourning; but inwardly he is full of deceit, 27 bowing down his face, and pretending to be deaf in one ear. Where he isn’t known, he will take advantage of you. 28 And if for lack of power he is hindered from sinning, if he finds opportunity, he will do mischief. 29 A man will be known by his appearance. One who has understanding will be known by his face when you meet him.⁠ 30 A man’s attire, grinning laughter, and the way he walks show what he is.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 19:29 and Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 3.3

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria uses Sirach as an authoritative source to teach about maintaining appearance as a sign of character, demonstrating how the Jewish wisdom text influenced early Christian teaching and tradition.

Passages

Sirach 19:29

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
26 There is one who does wickedly, who hangs down his head with mourning; but inwardly he is full of deceit, 27 bowing down his face, and pretending to be deaf in one ear. Where he isn’t known, he will take advantage of you. 28 And if for lack of power he is hindered from sinning, if he finds opportunity, he will do mischief. 29 A man will be known by his appearance. One who has understanding will be known by his face when you meet him. 30 A man’s attire, grinning laughter, and the way he walks show what he is.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 3.3

Early Christian · Paedagogus
What, then, will not women with strong propensities to lust practice, when they look on men perpetrating such enormities? Rather we ought not to call such as these men, but lewd wretches (βατάλοι), and effeminate (γύνιδες), whose voices are feeble, and whose clothes are womanish both in feel and dye. And such creatures are manifestly shown to be what they are from their external appearance, their clothes, shoes, form, walk, cut of their hair, look. For from his look shall a man be known, says the Scripture, from meeting a man the man is known: the dress of a man, the step of his foot, the laugh of his teeth, tell tales of him.

References

"... The eighty-fifth of the Apostolical Canons gives a list of the books of the Hebrew Canon, and adds the first three books of the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach; these last four are not, however, included in the Canon, though the Wisdom of Sirach is specially recommended for the instruction of the young. Again, in the Apostolical Constitutions, 6:14, 15, quotations from Sirach are given with the same formula as those from the books of the Hebrew Canon, but in the list given in 2:57 of the same work, there is no mention of any of the books of the Apocrypha ... The evidence of Clement of Alexandria is conflicting; in his Paedagogus he quotes very often from Sirach, and speaks of it as 'scripture', from which it would evidently appear that he regarded it as canonical Scripture; but, according to Eusebius, Clement reckoned Sirach among the 'Antilegomena', for in speaking of Clement's works he mentions the Stromateis, or 'Medleys', and says: 'He quotes in them passages from the disputed Scriptures, the so-called Wisdom of Solomon, for example, and of Jesus the son of Sirach, and the Epistle to the Hebrews, and those of Barnabas, Clement, and Jude ..."
R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford University Press, 1913), 299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 19:29 and Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 3.3

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