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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

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Chapter 19

1 A worker who is a drunkard will not become rich. He who despises small things will fall little by little.⁠ 2 Wine and women will make men of understanding go astray. He who joins with prostitutes is reckless.⁠ 3 Decay and worms will have him as their heritage. A reckless soul will be taken away. 4 He who is hasty to trust is shallow-hearted. He who sins offends against his own soul. 5 He who rejoices in wickedness will be condemned. 6 He who hates gossip has less wickedness. 7 Never repeat what is told you, and you won’t lose anything. 8 Whether it is of friend or foe, don’t tell it. Unless it is a sin to you, don’t reveal it. 9 For if he has heard you and observed you, when the time comes, he will hate you. 10 Have you heard something? Let it die with you. Be brave: it will not make you burst!⁠ 11 A fool will labor in pain with a word, as a woman in labor with a child. 12 As an arrow that sticks in the flesh of the thigh, so is gossip in a fool. 13 Question a friend; it may be he didn’t do it. If he did something, it may be that he may do it no more. 14 Question your neighbor; it may be he didn’t say it. If he has said it, it may be that he may not say it again. 15 Question a friend; for many times there is slander. Don’t trust every word.⁠ 16 There is one who slips, and not from the heart. Who is he who hasn’t sinned with his tongue? 17 Reprove your neighbor before you threaten him; and give place to the law of the Most High.

Wisdom and Folly in Speech and Conduct

20 All wisdom is the fear of the Lord. In all wisdom is the doing of the law. 22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom. The prudence of sinners is not counsel.⁠ 23 There is a wickedness, and it is an abomination. There is a fool lacking in wisdom.⁠ 24 Better is one who has little understanding, and fears God, than one who has much intelligence and transgresses the law. 25 There is an exquisite subtlety, and it is unjust. And there is one who perverts favor to gain a judgment. 26 There is one who does wickedly, who hangs down his head with mourning; but inwardly he is full of deceit, 27 bowing down his face, and pretending to be deaf in one ear. Where he isn’t known, he will take advantage of you. 28 And if for lack of power he is hindered from sinning, if he finds opportunity, he will do mischief. 29 A man will be known by his appearance. One who has understanding will be known by his face when you meet him.⁠ 30 A man’s attire, grinning laughter, and the way he walks show what he is.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 19:23 and LXX Proverbs 1:4

Deuterocanon · Septuagint

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Summary

Sirach 19 and the Septuagint of Proverbs explore the meaning of cleverness in different ways. Sirach warns that shrewdness can excuse sin, yet Proverbs uses the same Greek word for insight given to the innocent and shows how it can guide toward good.

Passages

Sirach 19:23

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom. The prudence of sinners is not counsel. 23 There is a wickedness, and it is an abomination. There is a fool lacking in wisdom. 24 Better is one who has little understanding, and fears God, than one who has much intelligence and transgresses the law.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

LXX Proverbs 1:4

Septuagint
3 to receive also twistings of words, and to understand true justice, and how to direct judgment; 4 that he might give shrewdness to the simple, and to the young man discernment and understanding. 5 For by the hearing of these a wise man will be wiser, and a man of understanding will gain direction;
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

References

"... LXX Proverbs 1:4 ... ἵνα δῷ ἀκάκοις πανουργίαν, “in order that he may impart shrewdness to the guileless.” In general Greek usage the word πανουργία, as well as the related adjective πανοῦργος, has a negative connotation, suggesting dishonest slyness and cunning. This is also true of biblical Greek outside of the book of Proverbs (see for example Numbers 24:22; Sirach 19:23; Luke 20:23; Ephesians 4:14). It is a peculiarity of the Greek of Proverbs, however, that it uses these words in a positive sense, suggesting godly wisdom. This positive connotation is clearly illustrated for πανουργία in the present verse (see also 8:5), and for πανοῦργος in the thirteen places where it occurs elsewhere in Proverbs ..."
Albert M. Wolters, Septuagint Commentary Series: Proverbs (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 127–128.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 19:23 and LXX Proverbs 1:4

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