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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book
Chapter 93

1 “Show me more, Sir,” I said. “What else do you want to know?” he said. “Why,” I said, “did the stones come up from the deep, and why were they placed into the building, even though they bore these spirits?” 2 “They had to rise up through water,” he said, “so that they might be made alive; otherwise they could not enter God’s kingdom, unless they had put away the deadness of their former life. 3 So these, too, who had fallen asleep received the seal of the Son of God and entered the kingdom of God. For before a person,” he said, “bears the name of the Son of God, he is dead; but when he receives the seal, he sets aside his deadness and takes up life. 4 The seal is the water; so they go down into the water dead, and come up alive.⁠ This seal was proclaimed to them too, and they used it to enter God’s kingdom.” 5 “Why, Sir,” I said, “did the forty stones also come up with them from the deep, though they already had the seal?” “Because,” he said, “those—namely, the apostles and teachers who preached the name of the Son of God—after they fell asleep in the power and faith of the Son of God, also preached to those who had fallen asleep earlier, and themselves gave them the seal of the preaching.⁠ 6 So they went down with them into the water and came up again. But these others, who had fallen asleep before, went down dead and came up alive; 7 so through them they were made alive and came to know fully the name of the Son of God. That is why they also came up with them and were fitted with them into the building of the tower and were built in with them, though they had not been shaped, for they had fallen asleep in righteousness and great purity, but they did not have this seal. Now you have the interpretation of these things as well.” “I do, Sir,” I said.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Peter 3:19 and Shepherd of Hermas 93:5

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Peter, Jesus is depicted preaching to spirits in prison. The Shepherd of Hermas follows this tradition, describing deceased apostles and teachers preaching to the righteous dead and baptizing them post-mortem.

Passages

1 Peter 3:19

New Testament
17 For it is better to suffer for doing good, if God wills it, than for doing evil. 18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit. 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water. 21 And this prefigured baptism, which now saves you—not the washing off of physical dirt but the pledge of a good conscience to God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who went into heaven and is at the right hand of God with angels and authorities and powers subject to him.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

Shepherd of Hermas 93:5

Early Christian
5 “Why, Sir,” I said, “did the forty stones also come up with them from the deep, though they already had the seal?” “Because,” he said, “those—namely, the apostles and teachers who preached the name of the Son of God—after they fell asleep in the power and faith of the Son of God, also preached to those who had fallen asleep earlier, and themselves gave them the seal of the preaching. 6 So they went down with them into the water and came up again. But these others, who had fallen asleep before, went down dead and came up alive; 7 so through them they were made alive and came to know fully the name of the Son of God. That is why they also came up with them and were fitted with them into the building of the tower and were built in with them, though they had not been shaped, for they had fallen asleep in righteousness and great purity, but they did not have this seal. Now you have the interpretation of these things as well.” “I do, Sir,” I said.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... The forty already-baptized who have gone down into the water (v. 5) bring up the rest. This is a version of the tradition of the "harrowing of hell," usually said to be performed by Christ during the period of his burial. Here, the apostles and teachers are sent to be the agents by which this soteriological mission is accomplished. Through their agency, those who were dead are restored to life, to become part of the foundation of the tower. [...] 1 Pet 3:19-20; 4:6; Ep. Apost. 27; Apoc. Pet. 14 ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 238.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Peter 3:19 and Shepherd of Hermas 93:5

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