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1 Peter

About this book
Chapter 3

1 In the same way, wives, be subject to your own husbands.⁠ Then, even if some are disobedient to the word, they will be won over without a word by the way you live, 2 when they see your pure and reverent conduct. 3 Let your beauty not be external—the braiding of hair and wearing of gold jewelry or fine clothes—⁠ 4 but the inner person of the heart, the lasting beauty of a gentle and tranquil spirit, which is precious in God’s sight. 5 For in the same way the holy women who hoped in God long ago adorned themselves by being subject to their husbands, 6 like Sarah who obeyed Abraham, calling him lord. You become her children when you do what is good and have no fear in doing so. 7 Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives with consideration as the weaker partners and show them honor as fellow heirs of the grace of life. In this way nothing will hinder your prayers. 8 Finally, all of you be harmonious, sympathetic, affectionate, compassionate, and humble. 9 Do not return evil for evil or insult for insult, but instead bless others because you were called to inherit a blessing.⁠ 10 For the one who wants to love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from uttering deceit. 11 And he must turn away from evil and do good; he must seek peace and pursue it.⁠ 12 For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous and his ears are open to their prayer. But the Lord’s face is against those who do evil. 13 For who is going to harm you if you are devoted to what is good? 14 But in fact, if you happen to suffer for doing what is right, you are blessed. But do not be terrified of them or be shaken.⁠ 15 But set Christ apart as Lord in your hearts and always be ready to give an answer to anyone who asks about the hope you possess.⁠ 16 Yet do it with courtesy and respect, keeping a good conscience, so that those who slander your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame when they accuse you. 17 For it is better to suffer for doing good, if God wills it, than for doing evil. 18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust,⁠ to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit.⁠ 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison,⁠ 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water.⁠ 21 And this prefigured baptism, which now saves you—not the washing off of physical dirt but the pledge of a good conscience to God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who went into heaven and is at the right hand of God with angels and authorities and powers subject to him.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Peter 3:19 and Shepherd of Hermas 93:5

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Peter, Jesus is depicted preaching to spirits in prison. The Shepherd of Hermas follows this tradition, describing deceased apostles and teachers preaching to the righteous dead and baptizing them post-mortem.

Passages

1 Peter 3:19

New Testament
17 For it is better to suffer for doing good, if God wills it, than for doing evil. 18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit. 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water. 21 And this prefigured baptism, which now saves you—not the washing off of physical dirt but the pledge of a good conscience to God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who went into heaven and is at the right hand of God with angels and authorities and powers subject to him.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

Shepherd of Hermas 93:5

Early Christian
5 “Why, Sir,” I said, “did the forty stones also come up with them from the deep, though they already had the seal?” “Because,” he said, “those—namely, the apostles and teachers who preached the name of the Son of God—after they fell asleep in the power and faith of the Son of God, also preached to those who had fallen asleep earlier, and themselves gave them the seal of the preaching. 6 So they went down with them into the water and came up again. But these others, who had fallen asleep before, went down dead and came up alive; 7 so through them they were made alive and came to know fully the name of the Son of God. That is why they also came up with them and were fitted with them into the building of the tower and were built in with them, though they had not been shaped, for they had fallen asleep in righteousness and great purity, but they did not have this seal. Now you have the interpretation of these things as well.” “I do, Sir,” I said.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... The forty already-baptized who have gone down into the water (v. 5) bring up the rest. This is a version of the tradition of the "harrowing of hell," usually said to be performed by Christ during the period of his burial. Here, the apostles and teachers are sent to be the agents by which this soteriological mission is accomplished. Through their agency, those who were dead are restored to life, to become part of the foundation of the tower. [...] 1 Pet 3:19-20; 4:6; Ep. Apost. 27; Apoc. Pet. 14 ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 238.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Peter 3:19 and Shepherd of Hermas 93:5

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