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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book
Chapter 56

1 I said, “Sir, I do not understand these parables, nor can I grasp them, unless you explain them to me.” 2 “I will explain everything to you,” he said, “and I will make clear to you whatever I tell you. Keep the commandments of the Lord, and you will be well-pleasing to God, and will be enrolled among those who keep His commandments. 3 But if you do any good thing beyond God’s command, you will gain for yourself greater glory, and you will be more honored in God’s sight than you would have otherwise been. So if, while keeping the commandments of God, you add these services as well, you will rejoice if you observe them according to my command.” 4 I said to him, “Sir, I will keep whatever you command me; for I know that you are with me.” “I will be with you,” he said, “because you have such great zeal for doing good; yes, and I will be with everyone,” he said, “who has such zeal. 5 This fasting,” he said, “is very good if the commandments of the Lord are kept. This is the way you will keep this fast that you are about to observe. 6 First of all, keep yourself from every evil word and every evil desire, and cleanse your heart from all the vanities of this world. If you keep these things, this fast will be perfect for you. 7 And this is how you will do it. Having fulfilled what is written, on the day you fast you will taste nothing but bread and water, and from the food that you would have eaten that day, you will calculate the amount you would have spent, and will give it to a widow, or an orphan, or someone in need;⁠ and so you will humble your soul, so that the one who has received from your humility may be satisfied, and may pray for you to the Lord. 8 If then you accomplish this fast as I have commanded you, your sacrifice will be acceptable in God’s sight, and this fasting will be recorded; and this service performed in this way is beautiful and joyful and acceptable to the Lord. 9 You and your children and your whole household will observe these things; and by observing them, you will be blessed; yes, and all those who hear and observe them will be blessed, and whatever they ask of the Lord, they will receive.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 58:7 and Shepherd of Hermas 56:7 and Gospel of Thomas 69

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

Isaiah and the Shepherd of Hermas link fasting with feeding others. This practice may explain the Gospel of Thomas's blessing on the hungry as praise for going without so another can eat, though its language leaves that connection unstated.

Passages

Isaiah 58:7

Hebrew Bible
6 No, this is the kind of fast I want: I want you to remove the sinful chains, to tear away the ropes of the burdensome yoke, to set free the oppressed, and to break every burdensome yoke. 7 I want you to share your food with the hungry and to provide shelter for homeless, oppressed people. When you see someone naked, clothe them! Don’t turn your back on your own flesh and blood.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Shepherd of Hermas 56:7

Early Christian
6 First of all, keep yourself from every evil word and every evil desire, and cleanse your heart from all the vanities of this world. If you keep these things, this fast will be perfect for you. 7 And this is how you will do it. Having fulfilled what is written, on the day you fast you will taste nothing but bread and water, and from the food that you would have eaten that day, you will calculate the amount you would have spent, and will give it to a widow, or an orphan, or someone in need; and so you will humble your soul, so that the one who has received from your humility may be satisfied, and may pray for you to the Lord. 8 If then you accomplish this fast as I have commanded you, your sacrifice will be acceptable in God’s sight, and this fasting will be recorded; and this service performed in this way is beautiful and joyful and acceptable to the Lord.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Gospel of Thomas 69

Nag Hammadi
68 Jesus said, “Blessed are you when you are hated and persecuted. But wherever they have persecuted you, they will find no place.” 69 Jesus said, “Blessed are those who have been persecuted in their heart; they have truly come to know the Father. Blessed are the hungry, for the belly of the one who desires will be filled.” 70 Jesus said, “If you bring forth what is within you, what you have will save you. If you do not have that within you, what you do not have within you will kill you.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... The reference, then, is to ‘social fasting’, that is, fasting in order to provide food (by the money saved) for others. This appears to have its origin already in Isa. 58.6–7, and is attested roughly contemporaneously with Thomas in the Shepherd of Hermas, which describes the practicalities involved in its author’s circles: And this is what you must do: when you have fulfilled what has been written, you must taste nothing except bread and water on that day on which you fast. Then you must estimate the amount of the cost of the food you would have eaten on that day on which you intend to fast, and give it to a widow or an orphan or someone in need. (Herm. 56 [Sim. 5.3].7) ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 473.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 58:7 and Shepherd of Hermas 56:7 and Gospel of Thomas 69

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