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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 58

1 “Shout loudly! Don’t be quiet! Yell as loudly as a trumpet! Confront my people with their rebellious deeds; confront Jacob’s family with their sin. 2 They seek me day after day; they want to know my requirements, like a nation that does what is right and does not reject the law of their God. They ask me for just decrees; they want to be near God. 3 They lament, ‘Why don’t you notice when we fast? Why don’t you pay attention when we humble ourselves?’ Look, at the same time you fast, you satisfy your selfish desires, you oppress your workers. 4 Look, your fasting is accompanied by arguments, brawls, and fistfights. Do not fast as you do today, trying to make your voice heard in heaven. 5 Is this really the kind of fasting I want? Do I want a day when people merely humble themselves, bowing their heads like a reed and stretching out on sackcloth and ashes? Is this really what you call a fast, a day that is pleasing to the Lord? 6 No, this is the kind of fast I want: I want you to remove the sinful chains, to tear away the ropes of the burdensome yoke, to set free the oppressed, and to break every burdensome yoke. 7 I want you to share your food with the hungry⁠ and to provide shelter for homeless, oppressed people. When you see someone naked, clothe them!⁠ Don’t turn your back on your own flesh and blood. 8 Then your light will shine like the sunrise; your restoration will quickly arrive; your godly behavior will go before you, and the Lord’s splendor will be your rear guard. 9 Then you will call out, and the Lord will respond; you will cry out, and he will reply, ‘Here I am.’ You must remove the burdensome yoke from among you and stop pointing fingers and speaking sinfully.⁠ 10 You must actively help the hungry and feed the oppressed. Then your light will dispel the darkness, and your darkness will be transformed into noonday. 11 The Lord will continually lead you; he will feed you even in parched regions. He will give you renewed strength, and you will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring that continually produces water.⁠ 12 Your perpetual ruins will be rebuilt; you will reestablish the ancient foundations. You will be called, ‘The one who repairs broken walls, the one who makes the streets inhabitable again.’ 13 You must observe the Sabbath rather than doing anything you please on my holy day. You must look forward to the Sabbath and treat the Lord’s holy day with respect. You must treat it with respect by refraining from your normal activities and by refraining from your selfish pursuits and from making business deals. 14 Then you will find joy in your relationship to the Lord, and I will give you great prosperity, and cause crops to grow on the land I gave to your ancestor Jacob.” Know for certain that the Lord has spoken.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 58:7 and Shepherd of Hermas 56:7 and Gospel of Thomas 69

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

Isaiah and the Shepherd of Hermas link fasting with feeding others. This practice may explain the Gospel of Thomas's blessing on the hungry as praise for going without so another can eat, though its language leaves that connection unstated.

Passages

Isaiah 58:7

Hebrew Bible
6 No, this is the kind of fast I want: I want you to remove the sinful chains, to tear away the ropes of the burdensome yoke, to set free the oppressed, and to break every burdensome yoke. 7 I want you to share your food with the hungry and to provide shelter for homeless, oppressed people. When you see someone naked, clothe them! Don’t turn your back on your own flesh and blood.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Shepherd of Hermas 56:7

Early Christian
6 First of all, keep yourself from every evil word and every evil desire, and cleanse your heart from all the vanities of this world. If you keep these things, this fast will be perfect for you. 7 And this is how you will do it. Having fulfilled what is written, on the day you fast you will taste nothing but bread and water, and from the food that you would have eaten that day, you will calculate the amount you would have spent, and will give it to a widow, or an orphan, or someone in need; and so you will humble your soul, so that the one who has received from your humility may be satisfied, and may pray for you to the Lord. 8 If then you accomplish this fast as I have commanded you, your sacrifice will be acceptable in God’s sight, and this fasting will be recorded; and this service performed in this way is beautiful and joyful and acceptable to the Lord.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Gospel of Thomas 69

Nag Hammadi
68 Jesus said, “Blessed are you when you are hated and persecuted. But wherever they have persecuted you, they will find no place.” 69 Jesus said, “Blessed are those who have been persecuted in their heart; they have truly come to know the Father. Blessed are the hungry, for the belly of the one who desires will be filled.” 70 Jesus said, “If you bring forth what is within you, what you have will save you. If you do not have that within you, what you do not have within you will kill you.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... The reference, then, is to ‘social fasting’, that is, fasting in order to provide food (by the money saved) for others. This appears to have its origin already in Isa. 58.6–7, and is attested roughly contemporaneously with Thomas in the Shepherd of Hermas, which describes the practicalities involved in its author’s circles: And this is what you must do: when you have fulfilled what has been written, you must taste nothing except bread and water on that day on which you fast. Then you must estimate the amount of the cost of the food you would have eaten on that day on which you intend to fast, and give it to a widow or an orphan or someone in need. (Herm. 56 [Sim. 5.3].7) ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 473.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 58:7 and Shepherd of Hermas 56:7 and Gospel of Thomas 69

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