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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book

The Fourth Parable of the Summer Trees

Chapter 53

1 He showed me many trees again, some of them sprouting, and others withered, and he said to me, “Do you see these trees?” “I see them, Sir,” I said; “some of them sprouting, and others withered.” 2 “These trees,” he said, “that are sprouting are the righteous, who will live in the world to come; for the world to come is summer for the righteous, but winter for sinners. So when the mercy of the Lord appears, then those who serve God will be revealed, yes, and all people will be revealed.⁠ 3 For just as in summer the fruit of each tree is revealed and recognized for what kind it is, so also the fruit of the righteous will be revealed, and everyone, even the smallest, will be known to be flourishing in that world. 4 But the pagans and the sinners, just as you saw the trees that were withered, will likewise be found withered and fruitless in that world, and will be burned as firewood, and will be seen for what they are, because their conduct in their life was evil. For the sinners will be burned, because they sinned and did not repent; and the pagans will be burned, because they did not know the One who created them. 5 So bear fruit, so that in that summer your fruit may be recognized. But avoid too much business, and you will never fall into any sin. For those who busy themselves excessively also sin excessively, being distracted by their work, and not serving their own Lord at all. 6 Then how,” he said, “can such a person ask anything from the Lord and receive it, if they do not serve the Lord? For those who serve Him will receive their requests, but those who do not serve the Lord will receive nothing. 7 But if anyone is occupied with only one business, they can also serve the Lord; for their mind will not be corrupted and drawn away from the Lord, but they will serve Him, because they keep their mind pure. 8 So if you do these things, you will be able to bear fruit for the world to come; yes, and whoever does these things will bear fruit.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Shepherd of Hermas 53:2 and Gospel of Philip 1:18

Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

The Shepherd of Hermas and the Gospel of Philip make summer an image of the world to come. Fruit becomes visible then, so the change of seasons connects present work with future reward and discourages expecting the harvest before its proper time.

Passages

Shepherd of Hermas 53:2

Early Christian
1 He showed me many trees again, some of them sprouting, and others withered, and he said to me, “Do you see these trees?” “I see them, Sir,” I said; “some of them sprouting, and others withered.” 2 “These trees,” he said, “that are sprouting are the righteous, who will live in the world to come; for the world to come is summer for the righteous, but winter for sinners. So when the mercy of the Lord appears, then those who serve God will be revealed, yes, and all people will be revealed. 3 For just as in summer the fruit of each tree is revealed and recognized for what kind it is, so also the fruit of the righteous will be revealed, and everyone, even the smallest, will be known to be flourishing in that world.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Gospel of Philip 1:18

Nag Hammadi
When we were Hebrews, we were without a father; we possessed our mother. When, however, we became Christians, we obtained a father and a mother. Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age. Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter. What follows winter is summer. If someone, however, would reap in winter, he will not reap. He will instead uproot, exactly like someone who will not bring forth fruit [...]. He not only will come forth [...], but also on the Sabbath [...] it will be without fruit.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... 7. Those who sow in the winter reap in the summer. The winter is the world. The summer is the other aeon. Let us sow in the world, that we may reap in the summer! Because of this it is fitting for us not to pray (for anything [sc. reward]) in the winter. What follows on the winter is the summer. But if anyone reaps in the winter, he will not (really) reap, but (only) pluck out. 8. Since such a (man or field) will produce fruit [for the Na]me, it (the fruit) will not only come forth [daily], but [not] even on the Sabbath is [his power] without fruit. [...] 2. Cf. Hermas, Sim. III 2; IV 2. ...”
Hans-Martin Schenke, “The Gospel of Philip,” in New Testament Apocrypha, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings, ed. Wilhelm Schneemelcher and R. McL. Wilson (Cambridge: James Clarke, 1991), 188, 206.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Shepherd of Hermas 53:2 and Gospel of Philip 1:18

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