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Gospel of Philip

About this book

Introduction: Like Produces Like; Hebrews, Christians; Life and Death

Chapter 1

A Hebrew creates a Hebrew, and [those] of this kind are called “a proselyte.” A p[rose]lyte, however, does not create a proselyte [...] [...] they resemble [...] and they create yet more [...] [...] only [...] will be sufficient for them, in order that they could come to exist. The slave seeks only to be free. He, however, does not seek the possessions of his master. The son, however, not only is he a son, but he claims for himself the inheritance of the father.⁠ Those who inherit the dead, they are dead also, and they inherit the dead. Those who inherit the living, they are living, and they inherit the living as well as the dead. The dead inherit nothing, because how could the dead inherit? If the dead were to inherit the living, he would not die, but the dead would instead live. A gentile does not die, because he has never lived to be able to die. He who has been faithful to the truth, he has lived, and this one has the potential to die, because he has been alive from the day Christ arrived. Created is adornment, adorned are the cities, the dead one is carried out. When we were Hebrews, we were without a father; we possessed our mother. When, however, we became Christians, we obtained a father and a mother. Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age.⁠ Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter.⁠ What follows winter is summer. If someone, however, would reap in winter, he will not reap. He will instead uproot, exactly like someone who will not bring forth fruit [...]. He not only will come forth [...], but also on the Sabbath [...] it will be without fruit. Christ came to purchase some; however, to save others; also, to redeem others. The strangers were the ones he purchased, and he made them to belong to him, and he placed those who belong to him apart. These are the ones he specified as a deposit in his will. Not only when he appeared did he lay down his life whenever he willed, but from the day the world existed he laid down his life whenever he willed.⁠ He then came, first to take possession of it, because it had been specified as a deposit. It came into the possession of the thieves, and they captured it. He, however, saved it, and the good in the world, he redeemed them, as well as the bad. Light and darkness, life and death, right and left, they are each brothers to one another. They cannot be separated from each other. Consequently, neither are the good good, nor are the bad bad. Nor is life life, nor is death death. Consequently, each of these will dissolve, returning to its primary origin. Those, however, that are above the world cannot be dissolved. They dwell among what is eternal.

Texts in conversation

Compare Shepherd of Hermas 53:2 and Gospel of Philip 1:18

Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

The Shepherd of Hermas and the Gospel of Philip make summer an image of the world to come. Fruit becomes visible then, so the change of seasons connects present work with future reward and discourages expecting the harvest before its proper time.

Passages

Shepherd of Hermas 53:2

Early Christian
1 He showed me many trees again, some of them sprouting, and others withered, and he said to me, “Do you see these trees?” “I see them, Sir,” I said; “some of them sprouting, and others withered.” 2 “These trees,” he said, “that are sprouting are the righteous, who will live in the world to come; for the world to come is summer for the righteous, but winter for sinners. So when the mercy of the Lord appears, then those who serve God will be revealed, yes, and all people will be revealed. 3 For just as in summer the fruit of each tree is revealed and recognized for what kind it is, so also the fruit of the righteous will be revealed, and everyone, even the smallest, will be known to be flourishing in that world.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Gospel of Philip 1:18

Nag Hammadi
When we were Hebrews, we were without a father; we possessed our mother. When, however, we became Christians, we obtained a father and a mother. Those who sow in winter will reap in summer. The winter is the world, the summer is the other age. Let us sow in the world in order for us to be able to reap in summer. Consequently, it is fitting that we do not pray in winter. What follows winter is summer. If someone, however, would reap in winter, he will not reap. He will instead uproot, exactly like someone who will not bring forth fruit [...]. He not only will come forth [...], but also on the Sabbath [...] it will be without fruit.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... 7. Those who sow in the winter reap in the summer. The winter is the world. The summer is the other aeon. Let us sow in the world, that we may reap in the summer! Because of this it is fitting for us not to pray (for anything [sc. reward]) in the winter. What follows on the winter is the summer. But if anyone reaps in the winter, he will not (really) reap, but (only) pluck out. 8. Since such a (man or field) will produce fruit [for the Na]me, it (the fruit) will not only come forth [daily], but [not] even on the Sabbath is [his power] without fruit. [...] 2. Cf. Hermas, Sim. III 2; IV 2. ...”
Hans-Martin Schenke, “The Gospel of Philip,” in New Testament Apocrypha, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings, ed. Wilhelm Schneemelcher and R. McL. Wilson (Cambridge: James Clarke, 1991), 188, 206.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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