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Shepherd of Hermas

About this book
Chapter 103

1 “And from the ninth mountain, which was barren and had reptiles and wild beasts that destroy humankind, those who believed are these: 2 those who have the spots are deacons who performed their office badly, stealing the livelihood of widows and orphans, and making a profit for themselves from the ministries they received to carry out. If they stay in the same evil desire, they are dead and have no hope of life; but if they turn back and carry out their ministries in purity, it is possible for them to live. 3 But those who are mildewed are those who denied and did not turn back to their Lord, but became dry and barren, because they do not cling to God’s servants but remain alone, destroying themselves.⁠ 4 For just as a vine left alone inside a fence, if neglected, is choked by weeds, and in time goes wild and is no longer useful to its owner, so too such people give themselves over to hopelessness and become useless to their Lord by becoming wild. 5 Repentance is still open to these, unless they are found to have denied in their hearts; but if someone is found to have denied in his heart, I do not know if it is possible for him to live. 6 I am not saying, in these present days, that a person can deny his Lord and then receive repentance. It is impossible for anyone who denies his Lord now to be saved. But for those who denied Him long ago, repentance may be possible. If someone is willing to repent, let him do so quickly before the tower is finished; otherwise, he will be destroyed by the women and put to death. 7 And the short ones are the treacherous and slanderers; and the wild beasts you saw on the mountain are these. For just as wild beasts with their poison kill a person, so do the words of such people poison and kill someone. 8 So these are cut short in their faith by their own conduct; but some have repented and have been saved; and the rest like this can be saved if they repent, but if they do not repent, they will meet their death at the hands of those women whose power they have.

Texts in conversation

Compare Barnabas 4:10 and Shepherd of Hermas 103:3 and Gospel of Thomas 16

Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas, believers are told not to live apart. In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus calls his followers solitary after describing family conflict, so separation receives praise rather than a warning.

Passages

Barnabas 4:10

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
9 But although I would gladly write many things, not as a teacher but as one who loves you so that you may not fail in what we possess, I was eager to write to you, being your devoted servant. Therefore, let us be cautious in these last days. For the entire duration of our faith will profit us nothing, unless now, in the time of lawlessness and impending offenses, we, as God’s children, stand firm so the Black One may not force his way in. 10 Let us flee from all vanity; let us altogether hate the works of the evil way. Do not stand apart secretly, as though you were already justified, but gather yourselves together and deliberate about the common good. 11 For Scripture says: ‘Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and prudent in their own sight.’ Let us become spiritual, let us become a temple perfect for God. As far as we can, let us practice the fear of God, and let us strive to keep His commandments, so we may rejoice in His ordinances.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

Shepherd of Hermas 103:3

Early Christian
2 those who have the spots are deacons who performed their office badly, stealing the livelihood of widows and orphans, and making a profit for themselves from the ministries they received to carry out. If they stay in the same evil desire, they are dead and have no hope of life; but if they turn back and carry out their ministries in purity, it is possible for them to live. 3 But those who are mildewed are those who denied and did not turn back to their Lord, but became dry and barren, because they do not cling to God’s servants but remain alone, destroying themselves. 4 For just as a vine left alone inside a fence, if neglected, is choked by weeds, and in time goes wild and is no longer useful to its owner, so too such people give themselves over to hopelessness and become useless to their Lord by becoming wild.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Gospel of Thomas 16

Nag Hammadi
15 Jesus said, “When you see one who was not born of woman, fall on your faces and worship him; that one is your Father.” 16 Jesus said, “People perhaps think I have come to cast peace upon the world, and they do not know that I have come to cast divisions upon the earth: fire, sword, war. For there will be five in a house: three will be against two and two against three, the father against the son and the son against the father, and they will stand as solitary ones.” 17 Jesus said, “I will give you what no eye has seen and what no ear has heard and what no hand has touched and what has not arisen in the human heart.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... In GTh 16, Jesus has brought about division, such that the disciple is separated from his other family members. [...] This sense may also fit with the usage in the roughly contemporaneous Barnabas and Hermas, which attack those who isolate themselves from the community, using the verb μονάζειν in a negative way. The former warns against separating oneself from the community (μὴ καθ’ ἑαυτοὺς ἐνδύνοντες μονάζετε) as if one had no need for further edification (Barn. 4.10); Hermas talks of those who have separated themselves from the community and live apart (μονάζοντες), denying Jesus and destroying themselves (Herm. 103 [Sim. 9.26].3). The point here is a linguistic one, rather than an identification of the Thomas movement as those who separated from Hermas’s community. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 281.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Barnabas 4:10 and Shepherd of Hermas 103:3 and Gospel of Thomas 16

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