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Barnabas

Epistle of Barnabas

About this book

Daniel's Beasts and the Approaching End

Chapter 4

1 It is necessary for us, then, to investigate deeply regarding the present and to search out the things that can save us. Let us therefore wholly flee from all works of lawlessness, lest they overpower us; and let us despise the deception of the present time so that we may be loved for what is to come. 2 Let us allow no relaxation for our soul, giving it freedom to associate with sinners and wicked men, lest we become like them. 3 The final offense is near, about which Scripture speaks, as Enoch says. For this reason the Master has shortened the seasons and the days, so that His beloved may come quickly and inherit.⁠ 4 And the prophet also speaks in this way: ‘Ten reigns will rule on the earth, and after them another king will arise, who will humble three of the kings under one.’ 5 Likewise, Daniel speaks about the same: ‘And I saw the fourth beast was wicked and strong and more stubborn than all the beasts of the earth, and from it arose ten horns, and from these another small horn and growth, and it humbled under one three of the great horns.’

Israel and the Broken Covenant

6 You should therefore understand. Moreover, I ask you this one thing besides, as someone like you, loving each of you more than my own soul, to pay attention now, and not to resemble certain people who heap sin upon sin, saying that our covenant also belongs to them. 7 It belongs to us; but they lost it forever in this way when Moses had just received it. For Scripture says: ‘And Moses was on the mountain fasting forty days and forty nights, and he received the covenant from the Lord—tablets of stone written by the finger of the hand of the Lord.’ 8 But they lost it by turning to idols. For the Lord says: ‘Moses, Moses, come down quickly, because your people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt, have acted unlawfully.’ And Moses understood and threw down the two tablets from his hands; and their covenant was shattered,⁠ so that the covenant of the beloved Jesus might be sealed in our hearts in the hope that arises from faith in Him.

Conduct in the Last Days

9 But although I would gladly write many things, not as a teacher but as one who loves you so that you may not fail in what we possess, I was eager to write to you, being your devoted servant. Therefore, let us be cautious in these last days. For the entire duration of our faith will profit us nothing, unless now, in the time of lawlessness and impending offenses, we, as God’s children, stand firm so the Black One may not force his way in. 10 Let us flee from all vanity; let us altogether hate the works of the evil way. Do not stand apart secretly, as though you were already justified,⁠ but gather yourselves together and deliberate about the common good.⁠ 11 For Scripture says: ‘Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and prudent in their own sight.’ Let us become spiritual, let us become a temple perfect for God. As far as we can, let us practice the fear of God, and let us strive to keep His commandments, so we may rejoice in His ordinances. 12 The Lord judges the world without partiality; everyone will receive according to their deeds. If someone is good, his righteousness will go before him on the way; if evil, the penalty for his wrongdoing is before him, so that, 13 if we relax, being called people of God, we might sleep in our sins, and the prince of evil might gain power over us and drive us out of the Lord’s kingdom. 14 Furthermore, understand this too, my brothers. When you see that even after so many signs and wonders worked in Israel, they were still abandoned, we must be cautious so that we are not found as Scripture says: ‘Many are called but few are chosen.’

Texts in conversation

Compare Barnabas 4:10 and Shepherd of Hermas 103:3 and Gospel of Thomas 16

Early Christian · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas, believers are told not to live apart. In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus calls his followers solitary after describing family conflict, so separation receives praise rather than a warning.

Passages

Barnabas 4:10

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
9 But although I would gladly write many things, not as a teacher but as one who loves you so that you may not fail in what we possess, I was eager to write to you, being your devoted servant. Therefore, let us be cautious in these last days. For the entire duration of our faith will profit us nothing, unless now, in the time of lawlessness and impending offenses, we, as God’s children, stand firm so the Black One may not force his way in. 10 Let us flee from all vanity; let us altogether hate the works of the evil way. Do not stand apart secretly, as though you were already justified, but gather yourselves together and deliberate about the common good. 11 For Scripture says: ‘Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and prudent in their own sight.’ Let us become spiritual, let us become a temple perfect for God. As far as we can, let us practice the fear of God, and let us strive to keep His commandments, so we may rejoice in His ordinances.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

Shepherd of Hermas 103:3

Early Christian
2 those who have the spots are deacons who performed their office badly, stealing the livelihood of widows and orphans, and making a profit for themselves from the ministries they received to carry out. If they stay in the same evil desire, they are dead and have no hope of life; but if they turn back and carry out their ministries in purity, it is possible for them to live. 3 But those who are mildewed are those who denied and did not turn back to their Lord, but became dry and barren, because they do not cling to God’s servants but remain alone, destroying themselves. 4 For just as a vine left alone inside a fence, if neglected, is choked by weeds, and in time goes wild and is no longer useful to its owner, so too such people give themselves over to hopelessness and become useless to their Lord by becoming wild.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

Gospel of Thomas 16

Nag Hammadi
15 Jesus said, “When you see one who was not born of woman, fall on your faces and worship him; that one is your Father.” 16 Jesus said, “People perhaps think I have come to cast peace upon the world, and they do not know that I have come to cast divisions upon the earth: fire, sword, war. For there will be five in a house: three will be against two and two against three, the father against the son and the son against the father, and they will stand as solitary ones.” 17 Jesus said, “I will give you what no eye has seen and what no ear has heard and what no hand has touched and what has not arisen in the human heart.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... In GTh 16, Jesus has brought about division, such that the disciple is separated from his other family members. [...] This sense may also fit with the usage in the roughly contemporaneous Barnabas and Hermas, which attack those who isolate themselves from the community, using the verb μονάζειν in a negative way. The former warns against separating oneself from the community (μὴ καθ’ ἑαυτοὺς ἐνδύνοντες μονάζετε) as if one had no need for further edification (Barn. 4.10); Hermas talks of those who have separated themselves from the community and live apart (μονάζοντες), denying Jesus and destroying themselves (Herm. 103 [Sim. 9.26].3). The point here is a linguistic one, rather than an identification of the Thomas movement as those who separated from Hermas’s community. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 281.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Barnabas 4:10 and Shepherd of Hermas 103:3 and Gospel of Thomas 16

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