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Secret Book of John

Apocryphon of John

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The Archons Conspire Against Adam

Chapter 15

When they gazed down, they realized that his intellect surpassed (their own), and they convened in counsel together with the group of archons and all angels. They took fire and earth and water, and combined them with each other together with the four fiery winds, and they worked them together and made a loud commotion, and they took him into the shadow of death, so that they could once more shape him from earth and water and fire and wind, the one whose origin is in matter, which is the ignorance of darkness and lust and their false spirit. This is the tomb for the mold of the body that the robbers used to clothe the man, the chain of oblivion, and he became a mortal man. This is the first one who descended, and the first division, but Reflection of Light, who dwelt inside him, she roused his intellect. Further, the archons brought him and placed him in paradise, and they said to him, ‘Eat,’ meaning, ‘in laziness,’ because their delight is surely bitter, and their beauty is degenerate, but their delight is trickery, and their trees are godlessness, and their fruit is an untreatable poison, and their promise is mortality. However, they had placed their tree of life in the middle of paradise, and I will teach all of you the mystery of their life, which is the plot they concocted together, which is the likeness of their spirit. Its root is bitter and its branches are mortality, its shadow is odium, and trickery dwells inside its leaves, and its blossom is the evil anointing, and its fruit is mortality, and lust is its seed, and it buds in the darkness.⁠ Those who taste of it, their dwelling place is Hades, and the darkness is their resting place. However, so that he could not gaze up toward his perfection nor realize the shame of his nudity, they remained in front of what they call ‘the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,’ being Reflection of Light. I was the one, however, who caused them to eat.” I also asked the savior: “Lord, was it not the serpent that instructed Adam to eat?” The savior grinned and said: “The serpent instructed them to eat of the evil of sexual lust and destruction, so that he could exploit him. Further, he was aware that he was disobedient to him because of Reflection of Light that dwells in him, which caused his intellect to be more accurate than the chief archon, and he desired to extract the power he had himself given to him, and he caused a ‘trance’ to overcome Adam.” I further asked the savior: “What is the ‘trance’?” He, however, said: “It is not what Moses wrote, nor what you have heard, because he said in his first book, ‘He caused him to sleep’; instead, (he caused his) perception (to sleep), because in fact he said through the prophet: ‘I will cause their hearts to be heavy, so that they do not pay attention and do not see.’

Texts in conversation

Compare Secret Book of John 15:7 and Gospel of Philip 10:9

Nag Hammadi

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Summary

The Secret Book of John and the Gospel of Philip give opposite meanings to oil from the tree of life. Death in John and resurrection in Philip show how the same tree can be a false promise of life or the source of rescue, despite sharing the same name.

Passages

Secret Book of John 15:7

Nag Hammadi · Apocryphon of John
However, they had placed their tree of life in the middle of paradise, and I will teach all of you the mystery of their life, which is the plot they concocted together, which is the likeness of their spirit. Its root is bitter and its branches are mortality, its shadow is odium, and trickery dwells inside its leaves, and its blossom is the evil anointing, and its fruit is mortality, and lust is its seed, and it buds in the darkness. Those who taste of it, their dwelling place is Hades, and the darkness is their resting place. However, so that he could not gaze up toward his perfection nor realize the shame of his nudity, they remained in front of what they call ‘the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,’ being Reflection of Light. I was the one, however, who caused them to eat.”
120–180 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Secret Book of John

Gospel of Philip 10:9

Nag Hammadi
Philip the apostle said: “Joseph the carpenter planted a garden because he needed wood to carry out his trade. He was the one who made the cross from the trees he had planted, and his seed hung on what he had planted. His seed was Jesus, and the plant was the cross.” However, the Tree of Life dwells in the midst of the garden, and from the olive tree came the chrism, and from it came the resurrection. This world is a corpse-eater. All that are eaten in it will die as well. Truth is a life-eater. Consequently, not one of those who feed on [truth] will die.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... Third, “the temple is associated with the tree of life.” According to Lundquist, the tree of life was “an integral part of the ‘primordial land- scape’” because it “grows up out of the primordial waters of the abyss, and thus there is an intimate mythological and cultic connection between the tree and the waters of life.” It is significant, however, that in many Gnostic texts, the Genesis account of the tree of life and the tree of knowl- edge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden have been reworked. For example, in the Apocryphon of John, it was the Archons who placed the tree of life “in the midst of paradise.” As a result, “the root of this (tree) is bitter and its branches are death, its shadow is hate and deception is in its leaves, and its blossom is the ointment of evil, and its fruit is death and desire is its seed, and it sprouts darkness.” Further, “the dwelling place of those who taste from it is Hades and the darkness is their place of rest.” In contrast, the tree of knowledge of good and evil is “the Epinoia of light,” and it was the Lord who “brought about that [Adam and Eve] ate [it]” (Ap. John 21.16–22.2).51 [...] The second passage is undamaged. It follows a discussion of the Resurrection and baptism; both of which, we are told, bring life. “Philip the apostle said, ‘Joseph the carpenter planted a garden because he needed wood for his trade. It was he who made the cross from the trees which he planted. His own offspring hung on that which he planted. His offspring was Jesus and the planting was the cross.’ But the tree of life is in the middle of the garden. And it is from the olive tree that we get the chrism, and from the chrism, the resurrection” (73.8–19).53 Our passage is aware of the Jewish tradition that the tree of life was an olive tree. This tree is different from the other trees in the garden that surround it. Whereas they brought death, the olive tree, or the tree of life, brings the resurrection. The Gospel of Philip, therefore, views the tree of life in a very positive light that is in keeping with the overall temple typology. ...”
Gaye Strathearn, “Reading the Gospel of Philip as a Temple Text,” (2013): 181–182.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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