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Gospel of Philip

About this book

The Symbolic Meaning of the Sacraments

Chapter 10

[Jesus had to] descend into the [water, in order for] him to redeem himself. [...], namely those who have [been baptized] in his name, because he said: “[This is the way] we will perform all righteousness.”⁠ Those who say they will die first, and they will rise, are mistaken. If they do not first obtain the resurrection while they are alive, they will not obtain anything after they die. This is also how they talk about baptism, saying that baptism is something great, because if they obtain it, they will live. Philip the apostle said: “Joseph the carpenter planted a garden because he needed wood to carry out his trade. He was the one who made the cross from the trees he had planted, and his seed hung on what he had planted. His seed was Jesus, and the plant was the cross.” However, the Tree of Life dwells in the midst of the garden, and from the olive tree came the chrism, and from it came the resurrection.⁠ This world is a corpse-eater.⁠ All that are eaten in it will die as well. Truth is a life-eater. Consequently, not one of those who feed on [truth] will die. From that place came Jesus, and from there he brought food, and those who desired, he let them [eat, in order that] they would not die.⁠ [God planted a] garden, [man ...] garden. Some there are [...] dwell with [...] of God in [...] those in [it ...]. I wish that [garden is the place where it] will be said to me: [“... eat] this,” or, “do not eat [that,” as you] desire. This is the place where I will eat everything, where the Tree of Knowledge dwells, the one that killed Adam. However, the Tree of Knowledge here has restored life to man. The Law was the tree.⁠ It was able to bestow knowledge of good and evil. It neither took away from him evil, nor did it establish him in what is good. Instead, it produced death for those who ate of it, because when he said, “eat this,” “do not eat that,” it was the origin of death. The chrism surpasses baptism, because from the chrism we were called “Christian,” not on account of baptism, and it was owing to the chrism that “Christ” was named, because the Father anointed the Son, and the Son anointed the apostles, and the apostles anointed us. He who has been anointed possesses all things. He possesses the resurrection, the light, the cross, the holy Spirit. The Father granted him this in the bridal chamber. He obtained it, and the Father came to dwell inside the Son, and the Son inside the Father.⁠ This is [the kingdom] of Heaven. The Lord said [it] well: “Some entered into the kingdom of Heaven laughing, and they went out [laughing].” [...] a Christian [...] and instantly [... descended] into the water, and he rose [up as lord of] everything, because [redemption] is [no] game, [but one laughs] this [way] into the kingdom of [Heaven ...] [...] if he hates [...] and if he despises it as a game, [he will come out] laughing. This is also the way it is with the bread, and the cup, and the oil, despite there being one that surpasses these. The world was brought about by a lapse, because he who caused it desired to make himself indestructible and deathless. He perished, and he failed to attain what he hoped for, because the world was not indestructible, and the one who brought about the world was not indestructible, because things are not indestructible, but children are, and there is no thing that can obtain indestructibility apart from being a child. However, he who cannot accept, how much more will it be the case that he cannot give? The cup of prayer contains wine, and it contains water, because it has been established as the type of the blood for which thanksgiving is offered, and it fills with the holy Spirit, and it belongs to the completely Perfect Man.⁠ Whenever we drink this, we obtain the Perfect Man. The living water is a body. We must don the living man. Consequently, descending to the water, he strips himself naked, in order that he can don that one.⁠ A horse begets a horse, a man begets a man, a god begets a god. This is the way it is with [the] bride[groom] and brides [as well]. They [come to be] from the [bridegroom and bride]. No Jew [comes to be] from [Greeks], and [no Greek comes to be] from the Jews, [but from the Jews] the Christians [came forth], and these bl[essed ones] were called the elect spir[itual] race, and the True Man, and the Son of Man, and the Seed of the Son of Man. This true race is distinguished in the world, being the places where the sons of the bridal chamber reside. In this world, union is that of male and female, the dwelling of power and weakness. In the age (to come), the likeness of union differs, yet we label them with these (same) names. However, there exist others, being above any name that is named, and they surpass the strong, because where strength is found, there dwell those who are even stronger, who are not both same and different, but who are both one, single. This is what cannot descend on the fleshly heart.⁠ Is it not required that all those who possess all things know themselves thoroughly? Some who know not themselves will not derive any good from what they possess. Those, however, who have come to know themselves will derive good from them. Not only will they be incapable of holding back the Perfect Man, but they will even be incapable of seeing him, because if they were to see him, they would hold him back. No one could obtain for himself this gift in any way [other than by] donning the perfect light, [and] himself becoming perfect [light]. [He who has donned it on] himself will enter [the place of rest]. This is the perfect [light, and] we [must] become [the perfect light] before we depart from [the world]. He who obtains all things, [...] these places, he will be [in]capable of [reaching] that place, but he will [enter the] middle in an imperfect state. Jesus is the only one who knows the destiny of this one. The priest is entirely holy, even his body, because if he holds the bread he will render it holy, or the cup, or anything else that he holds and purifies, and how could he not purify the body as well? Jesus perfected the water of baptism. This is how he emptied out death. Consequently, we descend into the water, but we do not descend into death, to prevent us from being emptied out in the spirit of the world.⁠ Whenever it blows, winter starts. Whenever the holy Spirit blows, summer starts.

Texts in conversation

Compare Secret Book of John 15:7 and Gospel of Philip 10:9

Nag Hammadi

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Summary

The Secret Book of John and the Gospel of Philip give opposite meanings to oil from the tree of life. Death in John and resurrection in Philip show how the same tree can be a false promise of life or the source of rescue, despite sharing the same name.

Passages

Secret Book of John 15:7

Nag Hammadi · Apocryphon of John
However, they had placed their tree of life in the middle of paradise, and I will teach all of you the mystery of their life, which is the plot they concocted together, which is the likeness of their spirit. Its root is bitter and its branches are mortality, its shadow is odium, and trickery dwells inside its leaves, and its blossom is the evil anointing, and its fruit is mortality, and lust is its seed, and it buds in the darkness. Those who taste of it, their dwelling place is Hades, and the darkness is their resting place. However, so that he could not gaze up toward his perfection nor realize the shame of his nudity, they remained in front of what they call ‘the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,’ being Reflection of Light. I was the one, however, who caused them to eat.”
120–180 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Secret Book of John

Gospel of Philip 10:9

Nag Hammadi
Philip the apostle said: “Joseph the carpenter planted a garden because he needed wood to carry out his trade. He was the one who made the cross from the trees he had planted, and his seed hung on what he had planted. His seed was Jesus, and the plant was the cross.” However, the Tree of Life dwells in the midst of the garden, and from the olive tree came the chrism, and from it came the resurrection. This world is a corpse-eater. All that are eaten in it will die as well. Truth is a life-eater. Consequently, not one of those who feed on [truth] will die.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... Third, “the temple is associated with the tree of life.” According to Lundquist, the tree of life was “an integral part of the ‘primordial land- scape’” because it “grows up out of the primordial waters of the abyss, and thus there is an intimate mythological and cultic connection between the tree and the waters of life.” It is significant, however, that in many Gnostic texts, the Genesis account of the tree of life and the tree of knowl- edge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden have been reworked. For example, in the Apocryphon of John, it was the Archons who placed the tree of life “in the midst of paradise.” As a result, “the root of this (tree) is bitter and its branches are death, its shadow is hate and deception is in its leaves, and its blossom is the ointment of evil, and its fruit is death and desire is its seed, and it sprouts darkness.” Further, “the dwelling place of those who taste from it is Hades and the darkness is their place of rest.” In contrast, the tree of knowledge of good and evil is “the Epinoia of light,” and it was the Lord who “brought about that [Adam and Eve] ate [it]” (Ap. John 21.16–22.2).51 [...] The second passage is undamaged. It follows a discussion of the Resurrection and baptism; both of which, we are told, bring life. “Philip the apostle said, ‘Joseph the carpenter planted a garden because he needed wood for his trade. It was he who made the cross from the trees which he planted. His own offspring hung on that which he planted. His offspring was Jesus and the planting was the cross.’ But the tree of life is in the middle of the garden. And it is from the olive tree that we get the chrism, and from the chrism, the resurrection” (73.8–19).53 Our passage is aware of the Jewish tradition that the tree of life was an olive tree. This tree is different from the other trees in the garden that surround it. Whereas they brought death, the olive tree, or the tree of life, brings the resurrection. The Gospel of Philip, therefore, views the tree of life in a very positive light that is in keeping with the overall temple typology. ...”
Gaye Strathearn, “Reading the Gospel of Philip as a Temple Text,” (2013): 181–182.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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