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Samaritan Leviticus

Samaritan Penteteuch

About this book
Chapter 17

1 And Shema spoke to Moses, saying: 2 “Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the children of Israel, and say to them, ‘This is what Shema has commanded, saying, 3 ‘If any one of the house of Israel kills an ox or lamb or goat in the camp, or kills it outside the camp, 4 and has not brought it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to make it a burned offering or a peace offering to Shema so that it may be accepted for a pleasing aroma, and he killed it outside and he did not bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting to offer it as an offering to Shema in front of the tabernacle of Shema, that man shall be held responsible for bloodshed. He has shed blood, and that man shall be cut off from among his people.⁠ 5 So that the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they sacrifice in the open field, so that they may bring them to Shema, to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to the priest, and sacrifice them as peace offerings to Shema. 6 And the priest shall sprinkle the blood on the altar of Shema, which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and burn the fat for a pleasing aroma to Shema. 7 And they shall no longer offer sacrifices at the gates to which they prostitute themselves.⁠ This shall be a statute forever to them throughout their generations.’ 8 And you shall say to them, ‘If any one of the house of Israel or of the foreigners who live among them offers a burned offering or sacrifice, 9 and does not bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to sacrifice it to Shema, that man shall be cut off from his people.

10 And if any one of the house of Israel or of the foreigners who live among them eats any kind of blood, I will set my face against the person who eats blood and will cut him off from among his people. 11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement because of the life.’ 12 Therefore I said to the children of Israel, ‘No person among you shall eat blood, neither shall any foreigner who lives among you eat blood.

13 And any one of the house of Israel, or of the foreigners who live among you, who catches any animal while hunting or bird that may be eaten, he shall pour out its blood and cover it with dust. 14 For the life of all flesh is its blood; its blood is its life.’ Therefore he said to the children of Israel, ‘You shall not eat the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its blood. Whoever eats it shall be cut off. 15 And every person who skins an animal that dies on its own or is torn by wild animals, whether a native or a foreign resident, shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water and be unclean until the evening. 16 But if he does not wash [them] or bathe his body, then he shall bear responsibility for his wrongdoing.’”

Texts in conversation

Did Samaritan Tradition Remove Goat Demons from Leviticus?

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

Leviticus 17 refers to sacrifices offered to “goat demons,” an argument against practices involving divine beings. The Samaritan Pentateuch reads “gates” instead, shifting the focus from those divine beings to sacrifices made at an improper location.

Passages

Leviticus 17:7

Hebrew Bible
5 This is so that the Israelites will bring their sacrifices that they are sacrificing in the open field to the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent—to the priest—and sacrifice them there as peace-offering sacrifices to the Lord. 6 The priest is to splash the blood on the altar of the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent, and offer the fat up in smoke for a soothing aroma to the Lord. 7 So the people must no longer offer their sacrifices to the goat demons, acting like prostitutes by going after them. This is to be a perpetual statute for them throughout their generations.”’ 8 “You are to say to them: ‘Any man from the house of Israel or from the resident foreigners who live in their midst, who offers a burnt offering or a sacrifice
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Samaritan Leviticus 17:7

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
5 So that the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they sacrifice in the open field, so that they may bring them to Shema, to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to the priest, and sacrifice them as peace offerings to Shema. 6 And the priest shall sprinkle the blood on the altar of Shema, which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and burn the fat for a pleasing aroma to Shema. 7 And they shall no longer offer sacrifices at the gates to which they prostitute themselves. This shall be a statute forever to them throughout their generations.’ 8 And you shall say to them, ‘If any one of the house of Israel or of the foreigners who live among them offers a burned offering or sacrifice,
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Leviticus

References

"... Leviticus 17:7 In the Israelite Samaritan text it is written: “Sharem” = Gates, but in the Jewish Masoretic text it is written “Sherim” = Demon Goats. The latter does not make sense, because Shehmaa wants His sacrifice offered in a pure gate, like the gate of the tent of meeting, and not in a non-sacred public gate where even whores and prostitutes would be ..."
Benyamim Tsedaka and Sharon Sullivan, eds., The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version, trans. Benyamim Tsedaka (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), 270.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 17:7 and Samaritan Leviticus 17:7

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