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Samaritan Genesis

Samaritan Penteteuch

About this book
Chapter 3

1 And the serpent was more cunning than any animal of the field that Shema God had made. And he said to the woman: “Did God really say ‘You shall not eat from any tree of the garden’?” 2 And the woman said to the serpent: “We may eat the fruit of the trees in the garden, 3 but of the fruit of this tree that is in the middle of the garden, God said ‘You shall not eat from it, neither shall you touch it, so that you do not die.’” 4 And the serpent said to the woman: “You shall not surely die, 5 for God knows that on the day you eat from it, your eyes shall be opened, and you shall be like God, knowing good and evil.” 6 When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable for making one wise, she took some of its fruits, and ate, and she also gave to her husband, who was with her, and they ate. 7 And the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked. And they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves aprons. 8 And they heard the sound of Shema God walking in the garden during the day. And Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of Shema God among the trees of the garden.

9 And Shema God called to the man and said to him: “How [are you]?” 10 And he said: “I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked, and I hid myself.” 11 And he said: “Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?” 12 And the man said: “The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate.”⁠ 13 And Shema God said to the woman: “What is this that you have done?” And the woman said: “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”

14 And Shema God said to the serpent: “Because you have done this, you are cursed more than all cattle and all animals of the field; you shall move on your belly, and you shall eat dust all the days of your life. 15 And I will put hostility between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring. He shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel.” 16 And to the woman he said: “I will greatly multiply your pain and your childbearing; in pain you shall give birth to children. And your return shall be to your husband, and he shall rule over you.”

17 And to Adam he said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree about which I commanded you, saying: ‘You shall not eat from it,’ the ground is cursed because of you; you shall eat from it through toil all the days of your life. 18 It shall also produce thorns and thistles for you, and you shall eat the plants of the field. 19 By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and you shall return to your dust.”⁠ 20 And the man called his wife’s name Eve, because she was the mother of all those who are alive. 21 And Shema God made for Adam and for his wife garments of skin, and clothed them.

22 And Shema God said: “Look, the man has become like one of us, to know good and evil, and now, so that he does not reach out his hand and also take of the tree of life and eat, and live forever.” 23 Therefore Shema God sent him out from the garden of Eden to cultivate the ground from which he was taken. 24 He drove out the man, and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim and the flame of the whirling sword, to guard the way to the tree of life.

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Compare Genesis 3:19 and Samaritan Genesis 3:19

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

Genesis 3 says that humans return to dust, referring only to death. The Samaritan Pentateuch changes this to “your dust,” a subtle change that supported Samaritan belief in resurrection without having to appeal to any other Hebrew texts they rejected.

Passages

Genesis 3:19

Hebrew Bible
18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you, but you will eat the grass of the field. 19 By the sweat of your brow you will eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you will return.” 20 The man named his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all the living.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Samaritan Genesis 3:19

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
18 It shall also produce thorns and thistles for you, and you shall eat the plants of the field. 19 By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and you shall return to your dust.” 20 And the man called his wife’s name Eve, because she was the mother of all those who are alive.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Genesis

References

"... For our purposes, it is important to observe that the tradition of this verse in the oldest textual witnesses is not uniform ... Instead of 'and to dust you will return', the Samaritan Pentateuch has 'and to your dust you will return' a variant reading which was to play an important part in the Samaritan doctrine about the resurrection of the dead. Whether this variant reading was also known to the author (or authors) of the Qumran Hodayot is unclear. The adapted form in 1QH 10:12 and 12:31, which may suggest a Vorlage could be adduced as an argument in support of such familiarity. On the other hand, the author(s) used 'our' from the Masoretic Text (in its non-standardized form) in 1QH 10:3, 4 (compare 1QS 11:22). The LXX translators read 'you will return to the earth' ... Furthermore, it should be noted that they do not distinguish between 'ground' and 'dust', rendering both terms as 'earth' ..."
Harry Sysling, Teḥiyyat Ha-Metim: The Resurrection of the Dead in the Palestinian Targums of the Pentateuch and Parallel Traditions in Classical Rabbinic Literature (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1996), 68.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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