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About this book

Ruth

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Now Boaz went up to the village gate and sat there. Then along came the guardian whom Boaz had mentioned to Ruth. Boaz said, “Come here, what’s-your-name, and sit down.” So he came and sat down. 2 Boaz chose 10 of the village leaders and said, “Sit down here!” So they sat down. 3 Then Boaz said to the guardian, “Naomi, who has returned from the region of Moab, is selling the portion of land that belongs to our relative Elimelech. 4 So I am legally informing you: Acquire it before those sitting here and before the leaders of my people. If you want to exercise your right to redeem it, then do so. But if not, then tell me so I will know. For you possess the first option to redeem it; I am next in line after you.” He replied, “I will redeem it.” 5 Then Boaz said, “When you acquire the field from Naomi, you must also acquire Ruth the Moabite, the wife of our deceased relative, in order to preserve his family name by raising up a descendant who will inherit his property.” 6 The guardian said, “Then I am unable to redeem it, for I would ruin my own inheritance in that case. You may exercise my redemption option, for I am unable to redeem it.” 7 (Now this used to be the customary way to finalize a transaction involving redemption in Israel: A man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party. This was a legally binding act in Israel.) 8 So the guardian said to Boaz, “You may acquire it,” and he removed his sandal. 9 Then Boaz said to the leaders and all the people, “You are witnesses today that I have acquired from Naomi all that belonged to Elimelech, Kilion, and Mahlon. 10 I have also acquired Ruth the Moabite, the wife of Mahlon, as my wife to raise up a descendant who will inherit his property so the name of the deceased might not disappear from among his relatives and from his village. You are witnesses today.” 11 All the people who were at the gate and the elders replied, “We are witnesses. May the Lord make the woman who is entering your home like Rachel and Leah, both of whom built up the house of Israel!⁠ May you prosper in Ephrathah and become famous in Bethlehem. 12 May your family become like the family of Perez—whom Tamar bore to Judah—through the descendants the Lord gives you by this young woman.”⁠ 13 So Boaz married Ruth and slept with her. The Lord enabled her to conceive and she gave birth to a son. 14 The village women said to Naomi, “May the Lord be praised because he has not left you without a guardian today! May he become famous in Israel! 15 He will encourage you and provide for you when you are old, for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, has given him birth. She is better to you than seven sons!” 16 Naomi took the child and placed him on her lap; she became his caregiver. 17 The neighbor women gave him a name, saying, “A son has been born to Naomi.” They named him Obed. Now he became the father of Jesse—David’s father.⁠ 18 These are the descendants of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron, 19 Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father of Amminadab, 20 Amminadab was the father of Nachshon, Nachshon was the father of Salmah, 21 Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed, 22 Obed was the father of Jesse, and Jesse was the father of David.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 16:1 and Ruth 4:17

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ruth records David’s birth in Bethlehem, and 1 Samuel 16 opens with his anointing in the same town. Ruth was later placed before Samuel so her genealogy leads smoothly into the account of David’s rise.

Passages

1 Samuel 16:1

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord said to Samuel, “How long do you intend to mourn for Saul? I have rejected him as king over Israel. Fill your horn with olive oil and go. I am sending you to Jesse in Bethlehem, for I have selected a king for myself from among his sons.” 2 Samuel replied, “How can I go? Saul will hear about it and kill me!” But the Lord said, “Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the Lord.’ 3 Then invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will show you what you should do. You will anoint for me the one I point out to you.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

Ruth 4:17

Hebrew Bible
15 He will encourage you and provide for you when you are old, for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, has given him birth. She is better to you than seven sons!” 16 Naomi took the child and placed him on her lap; she became his caregiver. 17 The neighbor women gave him a name, saying, “A son has been born to Naomi.” They named him Obed. Now he became the father of Jesse—David’s father. 18 These are the descendants of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron, 19 Hezron was the father of Ram, Ram was the father of Amminadab,
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ruth

References

"... In the Septuagint, upon which the Vulgate and consequently all Christian translations of the Old Testament are dependent, the Books of Joshua through Kings come to be understood as existing in permanent proximity to the Torah and to be clearly disassociated from the writing prophets. These latter texts are sometimes even placed at the end of the canon and judged to be eschatological. By contrast, the perception of the Books of Joshua through Kings increasingly come to be understood as an authoritative description of history. This becomes evident in different ways. The most important way is the unified designation of the Books of Samuel through Kings as the βασιλειvν “(Books of) Kingdoms,” or in the Vulgate as Regum “([Books of] Kings).” The four books which are sequentially numbered and grouped together in this way are perceived as a whole as the history of the monarchy in Israel. Numbering these writings as four distinct books was not at home in the Hebrew tradition. It has been appropriated for the first time in the 15th and 16th century. During this time, Samuel and Kings are divided into two separate books each. In order to bring together and complete the history of Israel, the Septuagint, and occasionally also the Hebraic tradition, has added the Book of Ruth (compare the genealogy of David, Ruth 4:17–22) and caused to follow the literature of Chronicles as well as Esther, Judith, Tobit, and the Books of Maccabees. In this manner, a tradition complex has originated for the history of Israel in the Septuagint and its dependent translations. The theological profile for this tradition complex clearly is to distinguish it from the “Former Prophets” of the Hebrew Bible ..."
Bruce C. Birch, “Old Testament Ethics,” in The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible, ed. Leo G. Perdue, Blackwell Companions to Religion (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), 293–307.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 16:1 and Ruth 4:17

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