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Romans

About this book
Chapter 7

1 Or do you not know, brothers and sisters (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is lord over a person as long as he lives?⁠ 2 For a married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law of the marriage. 3 So then, if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress. 4 So, my brothers and sisters, you also died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you could be joined to another, to the one who was raised from the dead, to bear fruit to God. 5 For when we were in the flesh, the sinful desires, aroused by the law, were active in the members of our body to bear fruit for death.⁠ 6 But now we have been released from the law, because we have died to what controlled us, so that we may serve in the new life of the Spirit and not under the old written code. 7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Absolutely not! Certainly, I would not have known sin except through the law. For indeed I would not have known what it means to desire something belonging to someone else if the law had not said, “Do not covet.”⁠ 8 But sin, seizing the opportunity through the commandment, produced in me all kinds of wrong desires. For apart from the law, sin is dead.⁠ 9 And I was once alive apart from the law, but with the coming of the commandment, sin became alive 10 and I died. So I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life brought death!⁠ 11 For sin, seizing the opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it I died.⁠ 12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous, and good. 13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? Absolutely not! But sin, so that it would be shown to be sin, produced death in me through what is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful. 14 For we know that the law is spiritual—but I am unspiritual, sold into slavery to sin. 15 For I don’t understand what I am doing. For I do not do what I want—instead, I do what I hate. 16 But if I do what I don’t want, I agree that the law is good. 17 But now it is no longer me doing it, but sin that lives in me. 18 For I know that nothing good lives in me, that is, in my flesh. For I want to do the good, but I cannot do it. 19 For I do not do the good I want, but I do the very evil I do not want!⁠ 20 Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer me doing it but sin that lives in me. 21 So, I find the law that when I want to do good, evil is present with me. 22 For I delight in the law of God in my inner being. 23 But I see a different law in my members waging war against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin that is in my members. 24 Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death?⁠ 25 Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh I serve the law of sin.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1QHa 22:8 and Romans 7:24

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · New Testament

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Summary

The Dead Sea Scrolls lament that humans are creatures of clay, bound by sin and unable to rescue themselves. In Romans, Paul expresses the same despair, ending in Paul’s cry that he is a wretched man in need of rescue.

Passages

1QHa 22:8

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · The Thanksgiving Hymns
6 […] great, and it is a wonder. And they are not able 7 [to understand these things or to recount] your [wonders,] and they do not have the strength to know all 8 [… who] returns to his dust. And I am a man of transgression, one who has wallowed 9 […] wicked guilt. And I, in the ages of wrath, 10 [… to] rise up in the face of affliction and … to keep myself 11 [from … you make] known to me, my God, that there is hope for a man 12 […] unfaithfulness. And I, a thing shaped of clay, lean 13 on [your strong] arm [and …] my foot. And I know that your mouth 14 is truth, [and no word of yours turns] back. And I, in my time, hold fast
150–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QH

Romans 7:24

New Testament
22 For I delight in the law of God in my inner being. 23 But I see a different law in my members waging war against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin that is in my members. 24 Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? 25 Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh I serve the law of sin.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

“... The pattern of divine and human action developed in Romans 8.1–13 bears a remarkable similarity to that of the Hodayot: both present divine action as the solution to the human dilemma, and both emphasise the indwelling and empowering presence of the divine Spirit. In the Hodayot, the hymnist develops an extremely pessimistic anthropology. He describes humans as sinful creatures bound by their very nature to disobedience. As ‘creatures of clay,’ they are ruled by their perverse spirits, and they only and always displease God. The solution to this problem is divine intervention. Among the various divine actions undertaken to alter the human’s evil disposition, the constant thread uniting them all is the divine Spirit. Temporally speaking, the first divine action is election. God decides prior to creation who will receive his grace and mercy. These God assigns to walk righteous paths, and he gives them his Spirit. God’s pre-temporal decision is manifest in history by the imparting of his Spirit, who liberates the human from one’s perverse spirits ...”
Jason Maston, Divine and Human Agency in Second Temple Judaism and Paul: A Comparison of Sirach, Hodayot, and Romans 7-8 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010), 185–187.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1QHa 22:8 and Romans 7:24

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