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Romans

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Therefore you are without excuse, whoever you are, when you judge someone else. For on whatever grounds you judge another, you condemn yourself, because you who judge practice the same things. 2 Now we know that God’s judgment is in accordance with truth against those who practice such things. 3 And do you think, whoever you are, when you judge those who practice such things and yet do them yourself, that you will escape God’s judgment? 4 Or do you have contempt for the wealth of his kindness, forbearance, and patience, and yet do not know that God’s kindness leads you to repentance?⁠ 5 But because of your stubbornness and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath for yourselves in the day of wrath,⁠ when God’s righteous judgment is revealed!⁠ 6 He will reward each one according to his works:⁠ 7 eternal life to those who by perseverance in good works seek glory and honor and immortality, 8 but wrath and anger to those who live in selfish ambition and do not obey the truth but follow unrighteousness. 9 There will be affliction and distress on everyone who does evil, on the Jew first and also the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, for the Jew first and also the Greek. 11 For there is no partiality with God.⁠ 12 For all who have sinned apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law. 13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous.⁠ 14 For whenever the Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature the things required by the law, these who do not have the law are a law to themselves.⁠ 15 They show that the work of the law is written in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend them,⁠ 16 on the day when God will judge the secrets of human hearts, according to my gospel through Christ Jesus. 17 But if you call yourself a Jew and rely on the law and boast of your relationship to God 18 and know his will and approve the superior things because you receive instruction from the law, 19 and if you are convinced that you yourself are a guide to the blind,⁠ a light to those who are in darkness, 20 an educator of the senseless, a teacher of little children, because you have in the law the essential features of knowledge and of the truth— 21 therefore you who teach someone else, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal? 22 You who tell others not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23 You who boast in the law dishonor God by transgressing the law!⁠ 24 For just as it is written, “the name of God is being blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”⁠ 25 For circumcision has its value if you practice the law,⁠ but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 26 Therefore if the uncircumcised man obeys the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 27 And the physically uncircumcised man, by keeping the law, will judge you to be the transgressor of the law, even though you have the letter and circumcision! 28 For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision something that is outward in the flesh, 29 but someone is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart by the Spirit and not by the letter.⁠ This person’s praise is not from people but from God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 34:19 and Romans 2:11

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Romans echoes Job’s description of divine impartiality, where no preference is given to anyone and all share the same origin. In Job, this teaches that justice applies equally to all, which Paul uses to argue that moral accountability is universal.

Passages

Job 34:19

Hebrew Bible
17 Do you really think that one who hates justice can govern? And will you declare guilty the supremely Righteous One, 18 who says to a king, ‘Worthless man,’ and to nobles, ‘Wicked men,’ 19 who shows no partiality to princes, and does not take note of the rich more than the poor because all of them are the work of his hands? 20 In a moment they die, in the middle of the night; people are shaken, and they pass away. The mighty are removed effortlessly. 21 For his eyes are on the ways of an individual; he observes all a person’s steps.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Romans 2:11

New Testament
9 There will be affliction and distress on everyone who does evil, on the Jew first and also the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, for the Jew first and also the Greek. 11 For there is no partiality with God. 12 For all who have sinned apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law. 13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... A further mark of God as supreme governor is that he shows no favoritism: high-ranking officials are not preferred above ordinary people. On showing partiality, literally “lifting up the face” (נשׂא פנים), see on 13:8; God’s impartiality in judgment is the topic also in Deuteronomy 10:17; 2 Chronicles 19:7; Wisdom of Solomon 6:7; Acts 10:34–35; Romans 2:11; Ephesians 6:9; Colossians 3:25; 1 Peter 1:17. It is not a self-denying ordinance by which God resists showing favoritism to high-ranking members of society, says Elihu; God is impartial because from his perspective all humans are on a common footing, as equally his creatures ..."
David J. A. Clines, Word Biblical Commentary: Job 21-37 (Dallas: Word, 2006), 370.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 34:19 and Romans 2:11

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