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Job

About this book
Chapter 34

1 Elihu answered: 2 “Listen to my words, you wise men; hear me, you learned men. 3 For the ear assesses words as the mouth tastes food. 4 Let us evaluate for ourselves what is right; let us come to know among ourselves what is good. 5 For Job says, ‘I am innocent, but God turns away my right. 6 Concerning my right, should I lie? My wound is incurable, although I am without transgression.’ 7 Who is there like Job, who drinks derision like water? 8 He goes about in company with evildoers; he goes along with wicked men. 9 For he says, ‘It does not profit a man when he makes his delight with God.’ 10 “Therefore, listen to me, you men of understanding. Far be it from God to do wickedness, from the Almighty to do evil. 11 For he repays a person for his work, and according to the conduct of a person, he causes the consequences to find him. 12 Indeed, in truth, God does not act wickedly, and the Almighty does not pervert justice. 13 Who entrusted to him the earth? And who put him over the whole world? 14 If God were to set his heart on it, and gather in his spirit and his breath,⁠ 15 all flesh would perish together, and human beings would return to dust. 16 “If you have understanding, listen to this, hear what I have to say. 17 Do you really think that one who hates justice can govern? And will you declare guilty the supremely Righteous One, 18 who says to a king, ‘Worthless man,’ and to nobles, ‘Wicked men,’ 19 who shows no partiality to princes, and does not take note of the rich more than the poor because all of them are the work of his hands?⁠ 20 In a moment they die, in the middle of the night; people are shaken, and they pass away. The mighty are removed effortlessly. 21 For his eyes are on the ways of an individual; he observes all a person’s steps. 22 There is no darkness, and no deep darkness, where evildoers can hide themselves. 23 For he does not still consider a person, that he should come before God in judgment. 24 He shatters the great without inquiry and sets up others in their place. 25 Therefore, he knows their deeds; he overthrows them in the night, and they are crushed. 26 He strikes them for their wickedness in a place where people can see, 27 because they have turned away from following him and have not understood any of his ways, 28 so that they caused the cry of the poor to come before him, so that he hears the cry of the needy. 29 But if God is quiet, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, then who can see him? Yet he is over the individual and the nation alike, 30 so that the godless man should not rule and not lay snares for the people. 31 “Has anyone said to God, ‘I have endured chastisement, but I will not act wrongly any more; 32 teach me what I cannot see; if I have done evil, I will do so no more’? 33 Is it your opinion that God should recompense it, because you reject this? But you must choose, and not I, so tell us what you know. 34 Men of understanding say to me—any wise man listening to me says— 35 that Job speaks without knowledge and his words are without understanding. 36 But Job will be tested to the end, because his answers are like those of wicked men. 37 For he adds transgression to his sin; in our midst he claps his hands and multiplies his words against God.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 34:19 and Romans 2:11

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Romans echoes Job’s description of divine impartiality, where no preference is given to anyone and all share the same origin. In Job, this teaches that justice applies equally to all, which Paul uses to argue that moral accountability is universal.

Passages

Job 34:19

Hebrew Bible
17 Do you really think that one who hates justice can govern? And will you declare guilty the supremely Righteous One, 18 who says to a king, ‘Worthless man,’ and to nobles, ‘Wicked men,’ 19 who shows no partiality to princes, and does not take note of the rich more than the poor because all of them are the work of his hands? 20 In a moment they die, in the middle of the night; people are shaken, and they pass away. The mighty are removed effortlessly. 21 For his eyes are on the ways of an individual; he observes all a person’s steps.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Romans 2:11

New Testament
9 There will be affliction and distress on everyone who does evil, on the Jew first and also the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, for the Jew first and also the Greek. 11 For there is no partiality with God. 12 For all who have sinned apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law. 13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... A further mark of God as supreme governor is that he shows no favoritism: high-ranking officials are not preferred above ordinary people. On showing partiality, literally “lifting up the face” (נשׂא פנים), see on 13:8; God’s impartiality in judgment is the topic also in Deuteronomy 10:17; 2 Chronicles 19:7; Wisdom of Solomon 6:7; Acts 10:34–35; Romans 2:11; Ephesians 6:9; Colossians 3:25; 1 Peter 1:17. It is not a self-denying ordinance by which God resists showing favoritism to high-ranking members of society, says Elihu; God is impartial because from his perspective all humans are on a common footing, as equally his creatures ..."
David J. A. Clines, Word Biblical Commentary: Job 21-37 (Dallas: Word, 2006), 370.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 34:19 and Romans 2:11

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