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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 13

1 Then I saw a beast coming up out of the sea. It had ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns were ten diadem crowns, and on its heads a blasphemous name.⁠ 2 Now the beast that I saw was like a leopard, but its feet were like a bear’s, and its mouth was like a lion’s mouth.⁠ The dragon gave the beast his power, his throne, and great authority to rule. 3 One of the beast’s heads appeared to have been killed, but the lethal wound had been healed. And the whole world followed the beast in amazement; 4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?” 5 The beast was given a mouth speaking proud words and blasphemies, and he was permitted to exercise ruling authority for forty-two months. 6 So the beast opened his mouth to blaspheme against God—to blaspheme both his name and his dwelling place, that is, those who dwell in heaven. 7 The beast was permitted to go to war against the saints and conquer them. He was given ruling authority over every tribe, people, language, and nation,⁠ 8 and all those who live on the earth will worship the beast, everyone whose name has not been written since the foundation of the world in the book of life belonging to the Lamb who was killed. 9 If anyone has an ear, he had better listen! 10 If anyone is meant for captivity, into captivity he will go. If anyone is to be killed by the sword, then by the sword he must be killed.⁠ This requires steadfast endurance and faith from the saints. 11 Then I saw another beast coming up from the earth. He had two horns like a lamb, but was speaking like a dragon. 12 He exercised all the ruling authority of the first beast on his behalf, and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed. 13 He performed momentous signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in front of people 14 and, by the signs he was permitted to perform on behalf of the beast, he deceived those who live on the earth. He told those who live on the earth to make an image to the beast who had been wounded by the sword, but still lived. 15 The second beast was empowered to give life to the image of the first beast so that it could speak, and could cause all those who did not worship the image of the beast to be killed.⁠ 16 He also caused everyone (small and great, rich and poor, free and slave) to obtain a mark on their right hand or on their forehead.⁠ 17 Thus no one was allowed to buy or sell things unless he bore the mark of the beast—that is, his name or his number.⁠ 18 This calls for wisdom: Let the one who has insight calculate the beast’s number, for it is man’s number, and his number is 666.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Jeremiah 15:2 and Revelation 13:10

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation 13 adapts Jeremiah 15, where different fates are assigned to those who will be judged. In Jeremiah, this describes punishments for the nation’s sins, but Revelation reshapes them into encouragement for those suffering for their faith.

Passages

LXX Jeremiah 15:2

Septuagint
1 And the Lord said to me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before my face, my soul could not be toward them: dismiss this people, and let them go forth. 2 And it shall be, if they say to you, Where shall we go forth? then you shall say to them, Thus says the Lord; As many as are for death, to death; and as many as are for the sword, to the sword; and as many as are for famine, to famine; and as many as are for captivity, to captivity. 3 And I will punish them with four kinds of death, says the Lord, the sword to kill, and the dogs to tear, and the wild beasts of the earth, and the birds of the sky to devour and destroy. 4 And I will deliver them up for distress to all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for all that he did in Jerusalem.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Jeremiah

Revelation 13:10

New Testament
8 and all those who live on the earth will worship the beast, everyone whose name has not been written since the foundation of the world in the book of life belonging to the Lamb who was killed. 9 If anyone has an ear, he had better listen! 10 If anyone is meant for captivity, into captivity he will go. If anyone is to be killed by the sword, then by the sword he must be killed. This requires steadfast endurance and faith from the saints. 11 Then I saw another beast coming up from the earth. He had two horns like a lamb, but was speaking like a dragon. 12 He exercised all the ruling authority of the first beast on his behalf, and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... Regarding the hardships in Revelation 13:10, interestingly, John the Seer describes them with proverbial sayings, which Aune claims allude to LXX Jeremiah 15:2 or 50:11 ... his comparison offers several suggestions. First, it is clear that John the Seer employs the form of proverbial saying in LXX Jeremiah 15:2, using the protasis and the apodosis with the preposition εἰς to identify each clause. Second, even though John uses LXX Jeremiah 15:2 in Revelation 13:10, he does not follow it strictly word for word. Rather, he adapts it and even intentionally omits the second and fourth lines. Aune offers a good comment on these omissions. He states that in LXX Jeremiah 15:2, the prophet writes this proverbial saying to indicate the punishments of God as consequences for the sins of God’s people. Thus, the punishments include pestilence, the sword, famine, and captivity. But in Revelation, the fate of captivity and the fate of the sword are consequences for those who attempt to practice their faith and maintain endurance. Thus, John the Seer intentionally omits the second and the fourth lines, which do not serve his purpose ..."
Wiriya Tipvarakankoon, The Theme of Deception in the Book of Revelation: Bringing Early Christian and Contemporary Thai Cultures into Dialogue, Claremont Studies in New Testament and Christian Origins 2 (Claremont, CA: Claremont, 2017), 145.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Jeremiah 15:2 and Revelation 13:10

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