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About this book

Revelation

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must happen very soon. He made it clear by sending his angel to his servant John, 2 who then testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about Jesus Christ. 3 Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy aloud, and blessed are those who hear and obey the things written in it, because the time is near! 4 From John, to the seven churches that are in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from “he who is,” and who was, and who is still to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne,⁠ 5 and from Jesus Christ—the faithful witness, the firstborn from among the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth.⁠ To the one who loves us and has set us free from our sins at the cost of his own blood 6 and has appointed us as a kingdom, as priests serving his God and Father—to him be the glory and the power for ever and ever! Amen. 7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds,⁠ and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes on the earth will mourn because of him. This will certainly come to pass! Amen.) 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God—the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come—the All-Powerful! 9 I, John, your brother and the one who shares with you in the persecution, kingdom, and endurance that are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony about Jesus. 10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day⁠ when I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 11 saying: “Write in a book what you see and send it to the seven churches—to⁠ Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” 12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet, and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest.⁠ 14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame.⁠ 15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace,⁠ and his voice was like the roar of many waters.⁠ 16 He held seven stars in his right hand,⁠ and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth.⁠ His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last,⁠ 18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive—forever and ever—and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things. 20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 62:2 and Revelation 1:16

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation describes a sharp sword coming from the mouth of the Son of Man, an image that echoes 1 Enoch 62 where judgment is executed by the words of the Chosen One. Both texts adapt language based on Isaiah.

Passages

1 Enoch 62:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 The Lord commanded the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, saying: 'Open your eyes and lift up your horns if you are able to recognize the Chosen One.' 2 The Lord of Spirits seated him on the throne of His glory, and the spirit of righteousness was poured out upon him. The words from his mouth slay all sinners, and all the unrighteous are destroyed from his presence. 3 On that day, all the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who hold the earth will stand, and they shall see and recognize how he sits on the throne of his glory, and how righteousness is judged before him, and no false word is spoken before him. 4 Pain will come upon them as upon a woman in childbirth, when her child enters the birth canal, and she feels the agony of delivery.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Revelation 1:16

New Testament
13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet, and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest. 14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame. 15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar of many waters. 16 He held seven stars in his right hand, and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth. His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last, 18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive—forever and ever—and I hold the keys of death and of Hades!
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The Book of Revelation contains a similar view of the Son of Man as portrayed in the Parables of Enoch. The sharp double-edged sword coming from the mouth of the Son of Man in Revelation (Revelation 1:16; 2:12, 16; 19:15, 21) is similar to the act of judging that the Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch does through his speech (1 Enoch 62:2). In Revelation, Jesus is called Christ (“Messiah”, “Anointed One”) in Revelation 1:5; 5:5. The Son of Man in Revelation and in the Parables of Enoch takes part in judgment (1 Enoch 69:27; Revelation 14:14-16) and sits on God’s throne (1 Enoch 45:3; 61:8; 62:2; Revelation 3:21). Both are preexistent: Jesus is “the First and the Last” (Revelation 1:17; 2:8; 22:13). Just as the righteous in the Parables of Enoch dwell with the Son of Man (1 Enoch 62:14), Jesus is present among the seven golden lampstands which indicates his presence with the seven churches (Revelation 1:12, 20). In both Revelation and the Parables of Enoch, the physical appearance of the Son of Man is related to angels. The Parables of Enoch say that “his face was full of graciousness like one of the holy angels (1 Enoch 46:1). Revelation describes Jesus in terms of the angel in Daniel 10:5-6 ..."
Dennis Linscomb, Second Temple Judaism's Influence on the New Testament and Its Impact on Biblical Inspiration and Progressive Revelation (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2020), 11.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 62:2 and Revelation 1:16

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