Go to Related Reading
About this book

Psalms

About this book
Psalm 94

1 O Lord, the God who avenges! O God who avenges, reveal your splendor.⁠ 2 Rise up, O judge of the earth. Pay back the proud. 3 O Lord, how long will the wicked, how long will the wicked celebrate? 4 They spew out threats and speak defiantly; all the evildoers boast. 5 O Lord, they crush your people; they oppress the nation that belongs to you. 6 They kill the widow and the resident foreigner, and they murder the fatherless.⁠ 7 Then they say, “The Lord does not see this; the God of Jacob does not take notice of it.” 8 Take notice of this, you ignorant people. You fools, when will you ever understand? 9 Does the one who makes the human ear not hear? Does the one who forms the human eye not see? 10 Does the one who disciplines the nations not punish? He is the one who imparts knowledge to human beings! 11 The Lord knows that peoples’ thoughts are morally bankrupt. 12 How blessed is the one whom you instruct, O Lord, the one whom you teach from your law⁠ 13 in order to protect him from times of trouble, until the wicked are destroyed. 14 Certainly the Lord does not forsake his people; he does not abandon the nation that belongs to him.⁠ 15 For justice will prevail, and all the morally upright will be vindicated. 16 Who will rise up to defend me against the wicked? Who will stand up for me against the evildoers? 17 If the Lord had not helped me, I would soon have dwelt in the silence of death. 18 If I say, “My foot is slipping,” your loyal love, O Lord, supports me. 19 When worries threaten to overwhelm me, your soothing touch makes me happy. 20 Cruel rulers are not your allies, those who make oppressive laws. 21 They conspire against the blameless and condemn to death the innocent. 22 But the Lord will protect me, and my God will shelter me. 23 He will pay them back for their sin. He will destroy them because of their evil; the Lord our God will destroy them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 94:12 and Galatians 3:24

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

Share:

Summary

Psalm 94 describes those taught by the Torah as protected during times of trouble, portraying instruction as a safeguard. In Galatians, Paul similarly presents the Torah as a custodian who oversees and acts like a guardian.

Passages

Psalm 94:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Does the one who disciplines the nations not punish? He is the one who imparts knowledge to human beings! 11 The Lord knows that peoples’ thoughts are morally bankrupt. 12 How blessed is the one whom you instruct, O Lord, the one whom you teach from your law 13 in order to protect him from times of trouble, until the wicked are destroyed. 14 Certainly the Lord does not forsake his people; he does not abandon the nation that belongs to him.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Galatians 3:24

New Testament
22 But the scripture imprisoned everything under sin so that the promise could be given—because of the faithfulness of Jesus Christ—to those who believe. 23 Now before faith came we were held in custody under the law, being kept as prisoners until the coming faith would be revealed. 24 Thus the law had become our guardian until Christ, so that we could be declared righteous by faith. 25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. 26 For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith.
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

References

"... In Galatians Paul speaks of the Jewish law functioning as a “custodian” or “guardian” (παιδαγωγός) until the coming of the Messiah (Galatians 3:24–25). In the Greco-Roman world of Paul’s day custodians were assigned the task of protecting the legal and financial interests of minors (e.g., Herodotus 8.75; Plutarch, Moralia 4A–B; Diogenes Laertius 3.92). Josephus uses the word in this sense: “But now Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, took some of the most noble of the Jews that were children, and the kinsmen of Zedekiah their king, such as were remarkable for their beauty of their bodies and comeliness of their countenances, and delivered them into the hands of custodians [παιδαγωγοῖς], and to the improvement to be made by them” (Antiquities 10.186); “... so he made this to be the omen, that the government should be left to him who should come to him first the next day. When he had thus resolved within himself, he sent to his grandson’s custodian [τὸν παιδαγωγόν], and ordered him to bring the child to him early in the morning, as supposing that God would permit him to be made emperor” (18.212; compare 20.183 “Burrhus, who was Nero’s custodian [παιδαγωγός], and secretary for his Greek epistles”). As in the case of Paul’s usage, in the pagan world the law could be seen as a παιδαγωγός (compare Plutarch, Moralia 645B–C) ..."
Craig A. Evans, “Paul and the Pagans,” in Paul: Jew, Greek, and Roman, ed. Stanley E. Porter (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 117–139.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Psalm 94:12 and Galatians 3:24

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library