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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 88

1 A song, a psalm written by the Korahites, for the music director, according to the machalath-leannoth style; a well-written song by Heman the Ezrahite. O Lord God who delivers me, by day I cry out and at night I pray before you. 2 Listen to my prayer. Pay attention to my cry for help. 3 For my life is filled with troubles, and I am ready to enter Sheol. 4 They treat me like those who descend into the grave. I am like a helpless man, 5 adrift among the dead, like corpses lying in the grave whom you remember no more and who are cut off from your power. 6 You place me in the lowest regions of the Pit, in the dark places, in the watery depths. 7 Your anger bears down on me, and you overwhelm me with all your waves. (Selah) 8 You cause those who know me to keep their distance; you make me an appalling sight to them.⁠ I am trapped and cannot get free. 9 My eyes grow weak because of oppression. I call out to you, O Lord, all day long; I spread out my hands in prayer to you. 10 Do you accomplish amazing things for the dead? Do the departed spirits rise up and give you thanks? (Selah) 11 Is your loyal love proclaimed in the grave, or your faithfulness in the place of the dead?⁠ 12 Are your amazing deeds experienced in the dark region, or your deliverance in the land of oblivion?⁠ 13 As for me, I cry out to you, O Lord; in the morning my prayer confronts you. 14 O Lord, why do you reject me, and hide your face from me?23⁠ 15 I am oppressed and have been on the verge of death since my youth. I have been subjected to your horrors and am numb with pain. 16 Your anger overwhelms me; your terrors destroy me. 17 They surround me like water all day long; they join forces and encircle me. 18 You cause my friends and neighbors to keep their distance; those who know me leave me alone in the darkness.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 26:14 and Psalm 88:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 26 and Psalm 88 both refer to the “Rephaim,” a term that can mean the dead but also refer to a specific type of the dead, such as deified royal ancestors. Both emphasize that they do not rise or praise God, presenting death as their final state.

Passages

Isaiah 26:14

Hebrew Bible
13 O Lord, our God, masters other than you have ruled us, but we praise your name alone. 14 The dead do not come back to life, the spirits of the dead do not rise. That is because you came in judgment and destroyed them, you wiped out all memory of them. 15 You have made the nation larger, O Lord; you have made the nation larger and revealed your splendor; you have extended all the borders of the land. 16 O Lord, in distress they looked for you; they uttered incantations because of your discipline.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Psalm 88:11

Hebrew Bible
10 Do you accomplish amazing things for the dead? Do the departed spirits rise up and give you thanks? (Selah) 11 Is your loyal love proclaimed in the grave, or your faithfulness in the place of the dead? 12 Are your amazing deeds experienced in the dark region, or your deliverance in the land of oblivion? 13 As for me, I cry out to you, O Lord; in the morning my prayer confronts you. 14 O Lord, why do you reject me, and hide your face from me?23
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... In many biblical texts, the term rephaim also refers to the dead. In Isaiah 14:9 the term is used in parallel with the kings of the nations. The association with kings seems natural in light of the Ugaritic term rpum, which refers to deified royal ancestors. In particular, in Isaiah 14:9 it is said that the rephaim will be roused from their graves. On the other hand, Isaiah 26:14-19 emphasizes that the rephaim do not live and can never rise, and Psalm 88:11 asks ironically whether the rephaim can rise to praise God in the land of oblivion. In contrast to these, Isaiah 14:9 begins to look like Night of the Living Dead. In Job 26:5, oddly, the rephaim seem to live underwater, and tremble beneath the water. Proverbs 2:18 warns of the woman whose house sinks down to death and her course to the rephaim; Proverbs 9:18 and 21:16 warn that men who stray will dwell with the rephaim. They are the company of the dead trembling in their graves, who cannot rise from the land of oblivion, or the ghosts who will indeed rise ..."
Esther J. Hamori, When Gods Were Men: The Embodied God in Biblical and Near Eastern Literature (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2008), 123–124.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 26:14 and Psalm 88:11

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