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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 77

1 For the music director, Jeduthun; a psalm of Asaph. I will cry out to God and call for help. I will cry out to God and he will pay attention to me. 2 In my time of trouble I sought the Lord. I kept my hand raised in prayer throughout the night. I refused to be comforted. 3 I said, “I will remember God while I groan; I will think about him while my strength leaves me.” (Selah) 4 You held my eyelids open; I was troubled and could not speak. 5 I thought about the days of old, about ancient times. 6 I said, “During the night I will remember the song I once sang; I will think very carefully.” I tried to make sense of what was happening. 7 I asked, “Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me his favor? 8 Has his loyal love disappeared forever? Has his promise failed forever?⁠ 9 Has God forgotten to be merciful? Has his anger stifled his compassion?” (Selah) 10 Then I said, “I am sickened by the thought that the right hand of the Most High has changed.⁠ 11 I will remember the works of the Lord. Yes, I will remember the amazing things you did long ago. 12 I will think about all you have done; I will reflect upon your deeds.” 13 O God, your deeds are extraordinary. What god can compare to our great God? 14 You are the God who does amazing things; you have revealed your strength among the nations. 15 You delivered your people by your arm21—the⁠ children of Jacob and Joseph. (Selah) 16 The waters saw you, O God, the waters saw you and trembled. Yes, the depths of the sea shook with fear.⁠ 17 The clouds poured down rain; the skies thundered. Yes, your arrows flashed about. 18 Your thunderous voice was heard in the wind; the lightning bolts lit up the world. The earth trembled and shook. 19 You walked through the sea; you passed through the surging waters, but left no footprints. 20 You led your people like a flock of sheep, by the hand of Moses and Aaron.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 34:6 and Psalm 77:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 77 laments the exile and questions if God’s faithfulness still remains. In doing so, it uses the well-known formula of Exodus 34, which proclaims God's compassion and faithfulness, and wonders if it is still valid.

Passages

Exodus 34:6

Hebrew Bible
4 So Moses cut out two tablets of stone like the first; early in the morning he went up to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone. 5 The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the Lord by name. 6 The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness, 7 keeping loyal love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.” 8 Moses quickly bowed to the ground and worshiped
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Psalm 77:8

Hebrew Bible
6 I said, “During the night I will remember the song I once sang; I will think very carefully.” I tried to make sense of what was happening. 7 I asked, “Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me his favor? 8 Has his loyal love disappeared forever? Has his promise failed forever? 9 Has God forgotten to be merciful? Has his anger stifled his compassion?” (Selah) 10 Then I said, “I am sickened by the thought that the right hand of the Most High has changed.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... Psalm 77 is an example of a fusion of individual lament and hymn. Normally, the individual lament appeared in the setting of familial prayer. In the preexilic period, it was far removed both geographically and in substance from the official temple cult, in which hymns were sung. The national history of Israel normally played no role in these private devotions. Both observations have changed in Psalm 77. Here a psalmist begins his prayer by describing his unceasing lament to God (77:2–3) and then recounts his affliction (77:4–7), as in other individual laments (Psalm 22:3; 42:2–4; etc.). The affliction that he bewails, however, is not the usual threat to life and limb but a theological challenge: meditation on God has plunged him into grief and confusion, especially when he compares God’s present treatment of Israel with God’s actions of old. In 77:8–11 (7–10), he reproachfully states the theological problem that he cannot deal with: Does God spurn forever? Has God’s steadfast love ceased forever? Will God never again show mercy? Or has God’s nature so changed that the ancient liturgical formula of Exodus 34:6, which celebrates God’s great goodness, is no longer true? Psalm 77 shows how deeply the general catastrophe of the exile could affect the personal life of an individual, albeit less as an existential problem than as a theological problem ..."
Rainer Albertz, Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E., trans. David Green, StBibLit 3 (Atlanta: SBL, 2003), 160–161.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 34:6 and Psalm 77:8

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