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Psalms

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Psalm 74

1 A well-written song by Asaph. Why, O God, have you permanently rejected us? Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture? 2 Remember your people whom you acquired in ancient times, whom you rescued so they could be your very own nation, as well as Mount Zion, where you dwell. 3 Hurry to the permanent ruins, and to all the damage the enemy has done to the temple. 4 Your enemies roar in the middle of your sanctuary; they set up their battle flags. 5 They invade like lumberjacks swinging their axes in a thick forest. 6 And now they are tearing down all its engravings with axes and crowbars. 7 They set your sanctuary on fire; they desecrate your dwelling place by knocking it to the ground.⁠ 8 They say to themselves, “We will oppress all of them.” They burn down all the places in the land where people worship God. 9 We do not see any signs of God’s presence; there are no longer any prophets, and we have no one to tell us how long this will last. 10 How long, O God, will the adversary hurl insults? Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? 11 Why do you remain inactive? Intervene and destroy him. 12 But God has been my king from ancient times, performing acts of deliverance on the earth.⁠ 13 You destroyed the sea by your strength; you shattered the heads of the sea monster⁠ in the water.⁠ 14 You crushed the heads of Leviathan;⁠ you fed him to the people who live along the coast.⁠ 15 You broke open the spring and the stream; you dried up perpetually flowing rivers. 16 You established the cycle of day and night;⁠ you put the moon and sun in place.⁠ 17 You set up all the boundaries of the earth; you created the cycle of summer and winter.⁠ 18 Remember how the enemy hurls insults, O Lord, and how a foolish nation blasphemes your name. 19 Do not hand the life of your dove over to a wild animal. Do not continue to disregard the lives of your oppressed people. 20 Remember your covenant promises, for the dark regions of the earth are full of places where violence rules. 21 Do not let the afflicted be turned back in shame. Let the oppressed and poor praise your name. 22 Rise up, O God. Defend your honor. Remember how fools insult you all day long.⁠ 23 Do not disregard what your enemies say or the unceasing shouts of those who defy you.

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Compare Habakkuk 1:12 and Psalm 74:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 74 and Habakkuk describe God as an ancient king, placing his rule in the distant past and linking it to his power over chaos. Psalm 74 recalls the defeat of the sea monster Leviathan, while Habakkuk similarly affirms God’s eternal rule.

Passages

Habakkuk 1:12

Hebrew Bible
10 They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them. 11 They sweep by like the wind and pass on. But the one who considers himself a god will be held guilty.” 12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35. Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are? 14 You made people like fish in the sea, like animals in the sea that have no ruler.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

Psalm 74:12

Hebrew Bible
10 How long, O God, will the adversary hurl insults? Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? 11 Why do you remain inactive? Intervene and destroy him. 12 But God has been my king from ancient times, performing acts of deliverance on the earth. 13 You destroyed the sea by your strength; you shattered the heads of the sea monster in the water. 14 You crushed the heads of Leviathan; you fed him to the people who live along the coast.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... even though the name Israel bears witness to El as the founding deity, when Yahweh became Israel’s national god the foundation story was updated. In addition, it is only natural to find his royal presence retrojected into the remote past, even when there was no nation at that time over which one could rule. Thus prophet and psalmist alike assert that Yahweh is the “king from of old” (Psalm 74:12) who battled cosmic forces “in days of old, generations long ago” (Isaiah 51:9; compare Isaiah 45:21; Habakkuk 1:12; Proverbs 8:22). Not only was his throne established “from antiquity,” but so was his very origin (Psalm 93:2). Yahweh is El Olam (Genesis 21:33) but in royal dress ..."
Theodore J. Lewis, The Origin and Character of God: Ancient Israelite Religion through the Lens of Divinity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 210.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Habakkuk 1:12 and Psalm 74:12

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