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Psalms

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Psalm 50

1 A psalm by Asaph. El, God, the Lord has spoken, and summoned the earth to come from the east and west.⁠ 2 From Zion, the most beautiful of all places, God has come in splendor. 3 “May our God come and not be silent.” Consuming fire goes ahead of him, and all around him a storm rages.⁠ 4 He summons the heavens above, as well as the earth, so that he might judge his people. 5 He says: “Assemble my covenant people before me, those who ratified a covenant with me by sacrifice.” 6 The heavens declare his fairness, for God is judge. (Selah) 7 He says: “Listen, my people. I am speaking! Listen, Israel. I am accusing you. I am God, your God! 8 I am not condemning you because of your sacrifices, or because of your burnt sacrifices that you continually offer me. 9 I do not need to take a bull from your household or goats from your sheepfolds. 10 For every wild animal in the forest belongs to me, as well as the cattle that graze on a thousand hills.⁠ 11 I keep track of every bird in the hills, and the insects of the field are mine. 12 Even if I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world and all it contains belong to me. 13 Do I eat the flesh of bulls? Do I drink the blood of goats? 14 Present to God a thank offering. Repay your vows to the Most High.⁠ 15 Pray to me when you are in trouble. I will deliver you, and you will honor me.” 16 God says this to the evildoer: “How can you declare my commands, and talk about my covenant? 17 For you hate instruction and reject my words. 18 When you see a thief, you join him; you associate with men who are unfaithful to their wives. 19 You do damage with words, and use your tongue to deceive. 20 You plot against your brother; you slander your own brother. 21 When you did these things, I was silent, so you thought I was exactly like you. But now I will condemn you and state my case against you. 22 Carefully consider this, you who reject God. Otherwise I will rip you to shreds and no one will be able to rescue you. 23 Whoever presents a thank offering honors me. To whoever obeys my commands, I will reveal my power to deliver.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 19:18 and Psalm 50:3

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus describes God descending, with Sinai covered in smoke and fire as the mountain trembled, a scene echoed in Psalm 50 where God comes with fire and storm. Both draw on common ancient Near Eastern imagery of violent divine presence.

Passages

Exodus 19:18

Hebrew Bible
16 On the third day in the morning there was thunder and lightning and a dense cloud on the mountain, and the sound of a very loud horn; all the people who were in the camp trembled. 17 Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God, and they took their place at the foot of the mountain. 18 Now Mount Sinai was completely covered with smoke because the Lord had descended on it in fire, and its smoke went up like the smoke of a great furnace, and the whole mountain shook violently. 19 When the sound of the horn grew louder and louder, Moses was speaking and God was answering him with a voice. 20 The Lord came down on Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain, and the Lord summoned Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Psalm 50:3

Hebrew Bible
1 A psalm by Asaph. El, God, the Lord has spoken, and summoned the earth to come from the east and west. 2 From Zion, the most beautiful of all places, God has come in splendor. 3 “May our God come and not be silent.” Consuming fire goes ahead of him, and all around him a storm rages. 4 He summons the heavens above, as well as the earth, so that he might judge his people. 5 He says: “Assemble my covenant people before me, those who ratified a covenant with me by sacrifice.”
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The initial verse invites the whole earth to rejoice at the LORD’s coming and reign. The many coastlands (distant shores, verse 1) represent a worldwide thrust (verses 4-7, 9). Immediately the psalm presents a verbal portrait of the Lord of all the earth in the form of a theophany, to take singers and hearers imaginatively into the royal presence (verses 2-5) [Theophany]. The poetic description of God’s intervention to deliver his people draws on images and literature from Israel’s past. God appeared as mysterious, one veiled and hidden in clouds and thick darkness (verse 2; Exodus 13:21-22; Deuteronomy 4:11; Isaiah 6:1-4). In Old Testament theophanies fire appears to consume or refine (Exodus 3:2; 19:18; Psalm 50:3). Thunderstorms, lightning, and earthquakes show that God is drawing near (Judges 5:4-5; Psalm 18:7-15; 29:1-11; 68:7-9, 33; Habakkuk 3:6-16). Erupting volcanoes, when mountains melt like wax (verse 5), describe God’s awesome power (Micah 1:3-4; Nahum 1:5) ..."
James H. Waltner, Psalms (Scottdale, PA: Herald, 2006), 473.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 19:18 and Psalm 50:3

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