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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 39

1 For the music director, Jeduthun; a psalm of David. I decided, “I will watch what I say and make sure I do not sin with my tongue. I will put a muzzle over my mouth while in the presence of an evil person.” 2 I was stone silent; I held back the urge to speak. My frustration grew; 3 my anxiety intensified. As I thought about it, I became impatient. Finally I spoke these words: 4 “O Lord, help me understand my mortality and the brevity of life. Let me realize how quickly my life will pass. 5 Look, you make my days short lived, and my life span is nothing from your perspective.⁠ Surely all people, even those who seem secure, are nothing but vapor. (Selah) 6 Surely people go through life as mere ghosts. Surely they accumulate worthless wealth without knowing who will eventually haul it away.” 7 But now, O Lord, upon what am I relying? You are my only hope! 8 Deliver me from all my sins of rebellion. Do not make me the object of fools’ insults. 9 I am silent and cannot open my mouth because of what you have done. 10 Please stop wounding me. You have almost beaten me to death. 11 You severely discipline people for their sins; like a moth you slowly devour their strength. Surely all people are a mere vapor. (Selah) 12 Hear my prayer, O Lord. Listen to my cry for help. Do not ignore my sobbing. For I am a resident foreigner with you, a temporary settler,⁠ just as all my ancestors were.⁠ 13 Turn your angry gaze away from me, so I can be happy before I pass away.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 39:5 and James 4:14

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

James says life is a mist that disappears, echoing Psalm 39 where human existence is called vapor. By using this image, James places itself in a wisdom tradition from the Hebrew Bible that stresses how brief and fragile life is.

Passages

Psalm 39:5

Hebrew Bible
4 “O Lord, help me understand my mortality and the brevity of life. Let me realize how quickly my life will pass. 5 Look, you make my days short lived, and my life span is nothing from your perspective. Surely all people, even those who seem secure, are nothing but vapor. (Selah) 6 Surely people go through life as mere ghosts. Surely they accumulate worthless wealth without knowing who will eventually haul it away.”
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

James 4:14

New Testament
13 Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go into this or that town and spend a year there and do business and make a profit.” 14 You do not know about tomorrow. What is your life like? For you are a puff of smoke that appears for a short time and then vanishes. 15 You ought to say instead, “If the Lord is willing, then we will live and do this or that.”
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... James now restates his point, perhaps knowing that some of his readers will have been confused by his ellipsis: 'What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.' The question deals with the merchants' ignorance of what kind of life they may have: is it a long life? A profitable life? They do not know. Why? Because the life of a human being is 'a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.' Once again, James's focus is the transitoriness of life, and he draws on a stock image — a mist or vapor in the sky that under the heat of the day dissipates and disappears. When Abraham looked down the plain toward Sodom, he saw a dense smoke, like 'smoke from a furnace' (Genesis 19:28). The sacrificial incense gave off a 'smoke' (Leviticus 16:13). But we are closer to James's sense of transitoriness with Hosea 13:3 and Wisdom 2:4-5 ... Acts 2:19 refers to portents in the sky, one of which is 'smoky mist.' (See also Job 7:7; Psalm 39:5-6; Wisdom 5:13; Sirach 11:19; 4 Ezra 4:24) Agrarian cultures watch the weather, and few things are as noticeable as vaporous clouds that bring no rain. These puffs of mist appear for a while and then disappear ..."
Scot McKnight, The Letter of James (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2011), 373.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 39:5 and James 4:14

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