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James

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Where do the conflicts and where do the quarrels among you come from? Is it not from this, from your passions that battle inside you? 2 You desire and you do not have; you murder and envy and you cannot obtain; you quarrel and fight. You do not have because you do not ask; 3 you ask and do not receive because you ask wrongly, so you can spend it on your passions. 4 Adulterers, do you not know that friendship with the world means hostility toward God?⁠ So whoever decides to be the world’s friend makes himself God’s enemy. 5 Or do you think the scripture means nothing when it says, “The spirit that God caused to live within us has an envious yearning”?⁠ 6 But he gives greater grace. Therefore it says, “God opposes the proud, but he gives grace to⁠ the humble.”⁠ 7 So submit to God. But resist the devil and he will flee from you.⁠ 8 Draw near to God and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and make your hearts pure, you double-minded. 9 Grieve, mourn, and weep. Turn your laughter into mourning and your joy into despair. 10 Humble yourselves before the Lord and he will exalt you. 11 Do not speak against one another, brothers and sisters. He who speaks against a fellow believer or judges a fellow believer speaks against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but its judge. 12 But there is only one who is lawgiver and judge—the one who is able to save and destroy. On the other hand, who are you to judge your neighbor? 13 Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go into this or that town and spend a year there and do business and make a profit.”⁠ 14 You do not know about tomorrow. What is your life like? For you are a puff of smoke that appears for a short time and then vanishes.⁠ 15 You ought to say instead, “If the Lord is willing, then we will live and do this or that.” 16 But as it is, you boast about your arrogant plans. All such boasting is evil. 17 So whoever knows what is good to do and does not do it is guilty of sin.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 39:5 and James 4:14

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

James says life is a mist that disappears, echoing Psalm 39 where human existence is called vapor. By using this image, James places itself in a wisdom tradition from the Hebrew Bible that stresses how brief and fragile life is.

Passages

Psalm 39:5

Hebrew Bible
4 “O Lord, help me understand my mortality and the brevity of life. Let me realize how quickly my life will pass. 5 Look, you make my days short lived, and my life span is nothing from your perspective. Surely all people, even those who seem secure, are nothing but vapor. (Selah) 6 Surely people go through life as mere ghosts. Surely they accumulate worthless wealth without knowing who will eventually haul it away.”
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

James 4:14

New Testament
13 Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go into this or that town and spend a year there and do business and make a profit.” 14 You do not know about tomorrow. What is your life like? For you are a puff of smoke that appears for a short time and then vanishes. 15 You ought to say instead, “If the Lord is willing, then we will live and do this or that.”
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... James now restates his point, perhaps knowing that some of his readers will have been confused by his ellipsis: 'What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.' The question deals with the merchants' ignorance of what kind of life they may have: is it a long life? A profitable life? They do not know. Why? Because the life of a human being is 'a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes.' Once again, James's focus is the transitoriness of life, and he draws on a stock image — a mist or vapor in the sky that under the heat of the day dissipates and disappears. When Abraham looked down the plain toward Sodom, he saw a dense smoke, like 'smoke from a furnace' (Genesis 19:28). The sacrificial incense gave off a 'smoke' (Leviticus 16:13). But we are closer to James's sense of transitoriness with Hosea 13:3 and Wisdom 2:4-5 ... Acts 2:19 refers to portents in the sky, one of which is 'smoky mist.' (See also Job 7:7; Psalm 39:5-6; Wisdom 5:13; Sirach 11:19; 4 Ezra 4:24) Agrarian cultures watch the weather, and few things are as noticeable as vaporous clouds that bring no rain. These puffs of mist appear for a while and then disappear ..."
Scot McKnight, The Letter of James (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2011), 373.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 39:5 and James 4:14

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