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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 22

1 For the music director, according to the tune “Morning Doe”; a psalm of David. My God, my God, why have you abandoned me?⁠ I groan in prayer, but help seems far away.⁠ 2 My God, I cry out during the day, but you do not answer, and during the night my prayers do not let up.⁠ 3 You are holy; you sit as king receiving the praises of Israel. 4 In you our ancestors trusted; they trusted in you and you rescued them. 5 To you they cried out, and they were saved; in you they trusted and they were not disappointed. 6 But I am a worm, not a man; people insult me and despise me. 7 All who see me taunt me; they mock me and shake their heads.⁠ 8 They say, “Commit yourself to the Lord! Let the Lord rescue him! Let the Lord deliver him, for he delights in him.” 9 Yes, you are the one who brought me out from the womb and made me feel secure on my mother’s breasts. 10 I have been dependent on you since birth; from the time I came out of my mother’s womb you have been my God. 11 Do not remain far away from me, for trouble is near and I have no one to help me. 12 Many bulls surround me; powerful bulls of Bashan hem me in.⁠ 13 They open their mouths to devour me like a roaring lion that rips its prey.⁠ 14 My strength drains away like water; all my bones are dislocated. My heart is like wax; it melts away inside me. 15 The roof of my mouth is as dry as a piece of pottery; my tongue sticks to my gums. You set me in the dust of death.⁠ 16 Yes, wild dogs surround me—a gang of evil men crowd around me; like a lion they pin my hands and feet.⁠ 17 I can count all my bones; my enemies are gloating over me in triumph. 18 They are dividing up my clothes among themselves; they are rolling dice for my garments. 19 But you, O Lord, do not remain far away. You are my source of strength. Hurry and help me! 20 Deliver me from the sword. Save my life from the claws of the wild dogs. 21 Rescue me from the mouth of the lion and from the horns of the wild oxen. You have answered me.⁠ 22 I will declare your name to my countrymen.⁠ In the middle of the assembly I will praise you. 23 You loyal followers of the Lord, praise him. All you descendants of Jacob, honor him. All you descendants of Israel, stand in awe of him. 24 For he did not despise or detest the suffering of the oppressed. He did not ignore him; when he cried out to him, he responded. 25 You are the reason I offer praise in the great assembly; I will fulfill my promises before the Lord’s loyal followers. 26 Let the oppressed eat and be filled. Let those who seek his help praise the Lord. May you live forever! 27 Let all the people of the earth acknowledge the Lord and turn to him. Let all the nations worship you. 28 For the Lord is king and rules over the nations. 29 All the thriving people of the earth will join the celebration and worship; all those who are descending into the grave will bow before him, including those who cannot preserve their lives. 30 A whole generation will serve him; they will tell the next generation about the Lord. 31 They will come and tell about his saving deeds; they will tell a future generation what he has accomplished.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 22:1 and Mark 15:33

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Mark 15 echoes the opening of Psalm 22, using its language of abandonment to shape the narrative of the crucifixion. Rather than use its language of vindication, it specifically highlights the psalm’s language of anguish.

Passages

Psalm 22:1

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, according to the tune “Morning Doe”; a psalm of David. My God, my God, why have you abandoned me? I groan in prayer, but help seems far away. 2 My God, I cry out during the day, but you do not answer, and during the night my prayers do not let up. 3 You are holy; you sit as king receiving the praises of Israel. 4 In you our ancestors trusted; they trusted in you and you rescued them.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Mark 15:33

New Testament
32 Now when it was noon, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. 33 Around three o’clock Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 34 When some of the bystanders heard it they said, “Listen, he is calling for Elijah!” 35 Then someone ran, filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a stick, and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone! Let’s see if Elijah will come to take him down!”
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

"... The first example concerns the cry of dereliction in Mark’s gospel, which draws upon the text of Ps. 22.2. In her study of Mk 15.34, Carey argues that the author evokes the whole context of the Psalm. Carey seeks to establish the case that the citation of Ps. 22.2 in Mk 15.34 would have evoked a contextual recollection of the whole Psalm, not just for the author, instead more significantly for ‘Mark’s earliest implied readers’ ... this so-called cry of dereliction, however, may be viewed as a cause of theological discomfort in some quarters. The starkness of the saying, with Jesus declaring himself to be God-forsaken, while powerfully attesting to the reality of his human nature, may raise more difficult questions concerning Jesus’ sense of doubt ... one may ask the simple but nonetheless relevant question, if Mark wished to depict this as a scene of future vindication why did he not cite the part of the psalm that spoke of vindication? ..."
P. Foster, “Echoes without Refernce: Critiquing Certain Aspects of Recent Scholarly Trends in the Study of the Jewish Scriptures in the New Testament,” JSNT 38.1 (2015): 96–111.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 22:1 and Mark 15:33

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