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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 147

1 Praise the Lord, for it is good to sing praises to our God. Yes, praise is pleasant and appropriate. 2 The Lord rebuilds Jerusalem and gathers the exiles of Israel. 3 He heals the brokenhearted and bandages their wounds. 4 He counts the number of the stars; he names all of them.⁠ 5 Our Lord is great and has awesome power; there is no limit to his wisdom. 6 The Lord lifts up the oppressed, but knocks the wicked to the ground. 7 Offer to the Lord a song of thanks. Sing praises to our God to the accompaniment of a harp. 8 He covers the sky with clouds, provides the earth with rain, and causes grass to grow on the hillsides. 9 He gives food to the animals and to the young ravens when they chirp.⁠ 10 He is not enamored with the strength of a horse, nor is he impressed by the warrior’s strong legs. 11 The Lord takes delight in his faithful followers and in those who wait for his loyal love. 12 Extol the Lord, O Jerusalem. Praise your God, O Zion. 13 For he makes the bars of your gates strong. He blesses your children within you. 14 He brings peace to your territory. He abundantly provides for you the best grain. 15 He sends his command through the earth; swiftly his order reaches its destination. 16 He sends the snow that is white like wool; he spreads the frost that is white like ashes. 17 He throws his hailstones like crumbs. Who can withstand the cold wind he sends? 18 He then orders it all to melt; he breathes on it, and the water flows. 19 He proclaims his word to Jacob, his statutes and regulations to Israel. 20 He has not done so with any other nation; they are not aware of his regulations. Praise the Lord!

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 40:26 and Psalm 147:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah describes God leading out the stars and calling each by name. Psalm 147 uses the same language, describing how God counts and names them all, portraying the stars as a living heavenly army under divine rule.

Passages

Isaiah 40:26

Hebrew Bible
24 Indeed, they are barely planted; yes, they are barely sown; yes, they barely take root in the earth, and then he blows on them, causing them to dry up, and the wind carries them away like straw. 25 “To whom can you compare me? Whom do I resemble?” says the Holy One. 26 Look up at the sky! Who created all these heavenly lights? He is the one who leads out their ranks; he calls them all by name. Because of his absolute power and awesome strength, not one of them is missing. 27 Why do you say, Jacob, Why do you say, Israel, “The Lord is not aware of what is happening to me; my God is not concerned with my vindication”? 28 Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is an eternal God, the Creator of the whole earth. He does not get tired or weary; there is no limit to his wisdom.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Psalm 147:4

Hebrew Bible
1 Praise the Lord, for it is good to sing praises to our God. Yes, praise is pleasant and appropriate. 2 The Lord rebuilds Jerusalem and gathers the exiles of Israel. 3 He heals the brokenhearted and bandages their wounds. 4 He counts the number of the stars; he names all of them. 5 Our Lord is great and has awesome power; there is no limit to his wisdom. 6 The Lord lifts up the oppressed, but knocks the wicked to the ground.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... In the Old Testament, the language and imagery describing divine power is extensive and cannot be fully surveyed at this point. It is an important fact that this language and imagery is taken from the spheres of divine warfare and kingship. It is God's mighty arm that shatters the enemies (Exodus 15:6; Psalm 89:10-13; Isaiah 40:10; 48:14; etc.) He is the strong warrior: 'The Lord goes forth like a soldier, like a warrior he stirs up his fury; He cries out, he shouts aloud, he shows himself mighty against his foes' (Isaiah 42:13). Frequently, he is called 'The Lord of hosts' (1 Samuel 1:3-11: 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; Host of Heavens, Yahweh Zebaoth). The epithet of sebaot which occurs more than two hundred times in the Hebrew Bible is frequently translated by the LXX by Hellenistic epithets such as kyrios pantokrator ('Almighty' or 'kurois (ho theos) ton dynameon', but it can also appear as a new name Sabaoth. While it means 'army', Greek translators transposed it into Greek cosmological concepts. This development was preceded by the universal character of post-Exilic theology, for which the Lord of hosts is the God of the whole earth' (Isaiah 54:5). His 'army' even includes all powers of heaven and earth (Isaiah 40:12-26: Psalm 93:95-99; 147:4-6; 148:1-4: 1 Chronicles 29:11: 2 Chronicles 20:6; LXX Daniel 3:52-90; etc.). Thus, Hellenistic Judaism of the LXX reinterprets the old warrior god in terms of a cosmic deity in control of all natural and supernatural forces ..."
Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and and Pieter W. van der Horst, eds., Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd extensively rev. ed. (Leiden: Brill, 1999), 268.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 40:26 and Psalm 147:4

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