Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 40

1 “Comfort, comfort my people,” says your God. 2 “Speak kindly to Jerusalem and tell her that her time of warfare is over, that her punishment is completed. For the Lord has made her pay double for all her sins.” 3 A voice cries out, “In the wilderness clear a way for the Lord;⁠ build a level road through the rift valley for our God.⁠ 4 Every valley must be elevated and every mountain and hill leveled. The rough terrain will become a level plain, the rugged landscape a wide valley.⁠ 5 The splendor of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it at the same time.⁠ For the Lord has decreed it.” 6 A voice says, “Cry out!” Another asks, “What should I cry out?” The first voice responds: “All people are like grass,⁠ and all their promises are like the flowers in the field.⁠ 7 The grass dries up, the flowers wither, when the wind sent by the Lord blows on them. Surely humanity is like grass. 8 The grass dries up, the flowers wither, but the decree of our God is forever reliable.” 9 Go up on a high mountain, O herald Zion. Shout out loudly, O herald Jerusalem! Shout, don’t be afraid! Say to the towns of Judah, “Here is your God!”⁠ 10 Look, the Sovereign Lord comes as a victorious warrior; his military power establishes his rule. Look, his reward is with him; his prize goes before him. 11 Like a shepherd he tends his flock;⁠ he gathers up the lambs with his arm; he carries them close to his heart; he leads the ewes along.⁠ 12 Who has measured out the waters in the hollow of his hand, or carefully measured the sky, or carefully weighed the soil of the earth, or weighed the mountains in a balance, or the hills on scales? 13 Who comprehends the mind of the Lord, or gives him instruction as his counselor? 14 From whom does he receive directions? Who teaches him the correct way to do things, or imparts knowledge to him, or instructs him in skillful design? 15 Look, the nations are like a drop in a bucket; they are regarded as dust on the scales. He lifts the coastlands as if they were dust. 16 Not even Lebanon could supply enough firewood for a sacrifice; its wild animals would not provide enough burnt offerings. 17 All the nations are insignificant before him; they are regarded as absolutely nothing.⁠ 18 To whom can you compare God? To what image can you liken him?⁠ 19 A craftsman casts an idol; a metal smith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it. 20 To make a contribution one selects wood that will not rot; he then seeks a skilled craftsman to make an idol that will not fall over.⁠ 21 Do you not know? Do you not hear? Has it not been told to you since the very beginning? Have you not understood from the time the earth’s foundations were made?⁠ 22 He is the one who sits on the earth’s horizon;⁠ its inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him. He is the one who stretches out the sky like a thin curtain, and spreads it out like a pitched tent.⁠ 23 He is the one who reduces rulers to nothing; he makes the earth’s leaders insignificant. 24 Indeed, they are barely planted; yes, they are barely sown; yes, they barely take root in the earth, and then he blows on them, causing them to dry up, and the wind carries them away like straw. 25 “To whom can you compare me? Whom do I resemble?” says the Holy One. 26 Look up at the sky! Who created all these heavenly lights? He is the one who leads out their ranks; he calls them all by name.⁠ Because of his absolute power and awesome strength, not one of them is missing. 27 Why do you say, Jacob, Why do you say, Israel,⁠ “The Lord is not aware of what is happening to me; my God is not concerned with my vindication”? 28 Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is an eternal God, the Creator of the whole earth. He does not get tired or weary; there is no limit to his wisdom.⁠ 29 He gives strength to those who are tired; to the ones who lack power, he gives renewed energy. 30 Even youths get tired and weary; even strong young men clumsily stumble. 31 But those who wait for the Lord’s help find renewed strength; they rise up as if they had eagles’ wings, they run without growing weary, they walk without getting tired.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 40:26 and Psalm 147:4

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Isaiah describes God leading out the stars and calling each by name. Psalm 147 uses the same language, describing how God counts and names them all, portraying the stars as a living heavenly army under divine rule.

Passages

Isaiah 40:26

Hebrew Bible
24 Indeed, they are barely planted; yes, they are barely sown; yes, they barely take root in the earth, and then he blows on them, causing them to dry up, and the wind carries them away like straw. 25 “To whom can you compare me? Whom do I resemble?” says the Holy One. 26 Look up at the sky! Who created all these heavenly lights? He is the one who leads out their ranks; he calls them all by name. Because of his absolute power and awesome strength, not one of them is missing. 27 Why do you say, Jacob, Why do you say, Israel, “The Lord is not aware of what is happening to me; my God is not concerned with my vindication”? 28 Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is an eternal God, the Creator of the whole earth. He does not get tired or weary; there is no limit to his wisdom.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Psalm 147:4

Hebrew Bible
1 Praise the Lord, for it is good to sing praises to our God. Yes, praise is pleasant and appropriate. 2 The Lord rebuilds Jerusalem and gathers the exiles of Israel. 3 He heals the brokenhearted and bandages their wounds. 4 He counts the number of the stars; he names all of them. 5 Our Lord is great and has awesome power; there is no limit to his wisdom. 6 The Lord lifts up the oppressed, but knocks the wicked to the ground.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... In the Old Testament, the language and imagery describing divine power is extensive and cannot be fully surveyed at this point. It is an important fact that this language and imagery is taken from the spheres of divine warfare and kingship. It is God's mighty arm that shatters the enemies (Exodus 15:6; Psalm 89:10-13; Isaiah 40:10; 48:14; etc.) He is the strong warrior: 'The Lord goes forth like a soldier, like a warrior he stirs up his fury; He cries out, he shouts aloud, he shows himself mighty against his foes' (Isaiah 42:13). Frequently, he is called 'The Lord of hosts' (1 Samuel 1:3-11: 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; Host of Heavens, Yahweh Zebaoth). The epithet of sebaot which occurs more than two hundred times in the Hebrew Bible is frequently translated by the LXX by Hellenistic epithets such as kyrios pantokrator ('Almighty' or 'kurois (ho theos) ton dynameon', but it can also appear as a new name Sabaoth. While it means 'army', Greek translators transposed it into Greek cosmological concepts. This development was preceded by the universal character of post-Exilic theology, for which the Lord of hosts is the God of the whole earth' (Isaiah 54:5). His 'army' even includes all powers of heaven and earth (Isaiah 40:12-26: Psalm 93:95-99; 147:4-6; 148:1-4: 1 Chronicles 29:11: 2 Chronicles 20:6; LXX Daniel 3:52-90; etc.). Thus, Hellenistic Judaism of the LXX reinterprets the old warrior god in terms of a cosmic deity in control of all natural and supernatural forces ..."
Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and and Pieter W. van der Horst, eds., Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, 2nd extensively rev. ed. (Leiden: Brill, 1999), 268.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Isaiah 40:26 and Psalm 147:4

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library