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Psalms

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Psalm 109

1 For the music director, a psalm of David. O God whom I praise, do not ignore me. 2 For they say cruel and deceptive things to me; they lie to me. 3 They surround me and say hateful things; they attack me for no reason. 4 They repay my love with accusations, but I continue to pray. 5 They repay me evil for good and hate for love. 6 Appoint an evil man to testify against him. May an accuser stand at his right side. 7 When he is judged, he will be found guilty. Then his prayer will be regarded as sinful. 8 May his days be few. May another take his job. 9 May his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow. 10 May his children roam around begging, asking for handouts as they leave their ruined home. 11 May the creditor seize all he owns. May strangers loot his property. 12 May no one show him kindness. May no one have compassion on his fatherless children. 13 May his descendants be cut off. May the memory of them be wiped out by the time the next generation arrives. 14 May his ancestors’ sins be remembered by the Lord. May his mother’s sin not be forgotten. 15 May the Lord be constantly aware of them and cut off the memory of his children from the earth. 16 For he never bothered to show kindness; he harassed the oppressed and needy and killed the disheartened. 17 He loved to curse others, so those curses have come upon him. He had no desire to bless anyone, so he has experienced no blessings. 18 He made cursing a way of life, so curses poured into his stomach like water and seeped into his bones like oil. 19 May a curse attach itself to him, like a garment one puts on, or a belt one wears continually. 20 May the Lord repay my accusers in this way, those who say evil things about me. 21 O Sovereign Lord, intervene on my behalf for the sake of your reputation. Because your loyal love is good, deliver me.⁠ 22 For I am oppressed and needy, and my heart beats violently within me. 23 I am fading away like a shadow at the end of the day; I am shaken off like a locust. 24 I am so starved my knees shake; I have turned into skin and bones. 25 I am disdained by them. When they see me, they shake their heads. 26 Help me, O Lord my God. Because you are faithful to me, deliver me. 27 Then they will realize this is your work and that you, Lord, have accomplished it. 28 They curse, but you will bless. When they attack, they will be humiliated, but your servant will rejoice. 29 My accusers will be covered with shame and draped in humiliation as if it were a robe. 30 I will thank the Lord profusely. In the middle of a crowd I will praise him, 31 because he stands at the right hand of the needy to deliver him from those who threaten his life.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 109:22 and Proverbs 31:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 109 describes the author, David, as poor and needy, using the same language found in Proverbs 31, which urges judging favorably for those like him who are vulnerable. The Psalm reshapes the language of poverty to include his public shame.

Passages

Psalm 109:22

Hebrew Bible
20 May the Lord repay my accusers in this way, those who say evil things about me. 21 O Sovereign Lord, intervene on my behalf for the sake of your reputation. Because your loyal love is good, deliver me. 22 For I am oppressed and needy, and my heart beats violently within me. 23 I am fading away like a shadow at the end of the day; I am shaken off like a locust. 24 I am so starved my knees shake; I have turned into skin and bones.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Proverbs 31:9

Hebrew Bible
7 let them drink and forget their poverty, and remember their misery no more. 8 Open your mouth on behalf of those unable to speak, for the legal rights of all the dying. 9 Open your mouth, judge in righteousness, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. 10 Who can find a wife of noble character? For her value is far more than rubies. 11 Her husband’s heart has trusted her, and he does not lack the dividends.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... Trust in Yahweh is voiced in regard to his solidarity with the 'poor' (plural, indicating a communal setting) and 'oppressed' (singular) people (verse 13). It is for the first and only time that exactly these designations come to the fore; 'I am oppressed and poor' does occur on strictly individual terms (Psalm 40:18; 70:6; 86:1; 109:22; compare 25:16; 69:30; 88:16; for poverty as subject matter see Psalms 9; 37; etc.). Supposedly, they are self-designations of the community that transmitted the psalm. The naming of the reference group goes on in verse 14. Here they appear as 'just ones' and 'upright ones,' to whom a glorious future is predicted. The imperfect verbs ('give thanks', 'sit down') do not show exhortatory character. They are factual descriptions of what will happen when Yahweh attends to the clamor of his faithful ..."
Erhard Gerstenberger, Psalms. Part 2, and Lamentations (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), 411–412.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 109:22 and Proverbs 31:9

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