Go to Related Reading
About this book

Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 31

1 The words of King Lemuel, an oracle that his mother taught him: 2 O my son, O son of my womb, O son of my vows, 3 do not give your strength to women, nor your ways to that which ruins kings. 4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine or for rulers to crave strong drink, 5 lest they drink and forget what is decreed and remove from all the poor their legal rights. 6 Give strong drink to the one who is perishing and wine to those who are bitterly distressed; 7 let them drink and forget their poverty, and remember their misery no more. 8 Open your mouth on behalf of those unable to speak, for the legal rights of all the dying. 9 Open your mouth, judge in righteousness, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.⁠ 10 Who can find a wife of noble character? For her value is far more than rubies.⁠ 11 Her husband’s heart has trusted her, and he does not lack the dividends. 12 She has rewarded him with good and not harm all the days of her life. 13 She sought out wool and flax, then worked happily with her hands. 14 She was like the merchant ships; she would bring in her food from afar. 15 Then she rose while it was still night, and provided food for her household and a portion to her female servants. 16 She considered a field and bought it; from her own income she planted a vineyard.⁠ 17 She clothed herself in might, and she strengthened her arms. 18 She perceived that her merchandise was good. Her lamp would not go out in the night. 19 She extended her hands to the spool, and her hands grasped the spindle. 20 She opened her hand to the poor, and extended her hands to the needy.⁠ 21 She would not fear for her household in winter, because all her household were clothed with scarlet,⁠ 22 because she had made coverings for herself; and because her clothing was fine linen and purple. 23 Her husband is well known in the city gate when he sits with the elders of the land. 24 She made linen garments then sold them and traded belts to the merchants; 25 her clothing was strong and splendid; and she laughed at the time to come. 26 She has opened her mouth with wisdom, with loving instruction on her tongue. 27 Watching over the ways of her household, she would not eat the bread of idleness. 28 Her children have risen and called her blessed; her husband also has praised her: 29 “Many daughters have done valiantly, but you have surpassed them all!” 30 Charm is deceitful and beauty is fleeting. A woman who fears the Lord—she makes herself praiseworthy. 31 Give her credit for what she has accomplished, and let her works praise her in the city gates.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 109:22 and Proverbs 31:9

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Psalm 109 describes the author, David, as poor and needy, using the same language found in Proverbs 31, which urges judging favorably for those like him who are vulnerable. The Psalm reshapes the language of poverty to include his public shame.

Passages

Psalm 109:22

Hebrew Bible
20 May the Lord repay my accusers in this way, those who say evil things about me. 21 O Sovereign Lord, intervene on my behalf for the sake of your reputation. Because your loyal love is good, deliver me. 22 For I am oppressed and needy, and my heart beats violently within me. 23 I am fading away like a shadow at the end of the day; I am shaken off like a locust. 24 I am so starved my knees shake; I have turned into skin and bones.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Proverbs 31:9

Hebrew Bible
7 let them drink and forget their poverty, and remember their misery no more. 8 Open your mouth on behalf of those unable to speak, for the legal rights of all the dying. 9 Open your mouth, judge in righteousness, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. 10 Who can find a wife of noble character? For her value is far more than rubies. 11 Her husband’s heart has trusted her, and he does not lack the dividends.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... Trust in Yahweh is voiced in regard to his solidarity with the 'poor' (plural, indicating a communal setting) and 'oppressed' (singular) people (verse 13). It is for the first and only time that exactly these designations come to the fore; 'I am oppressed and poor' does occur on strictly individual terms (Psalm 40:18; 70:6; 86:1; 109:22; compare 25:16; 69:30; 88:16; for poverty as subject matter see Psalms 9; 37; etc.). Supposedly, they are self-designations of the community that transmitted the psalm. The naming of the reference group goes on in verse 14. Here they appear as 'just ones' and 'upright ones,' to whom a glorious future is predicted. The imperfect verbs ('give thanks', 'sit down') do not show exhortatory character. They are factual descriptions of what will happen when Yahweh attends to the clamor of his faithful ..."
Erhard Gerstenberger, Psalms. Part 2, and Lamentations (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), 411–412.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Psalm 109:22 and Proverbs 31:9

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library