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About this book

Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 3

1 My child, do not forget my teaching, but let your heart keep my commandments, 2 for they will provide a long and full life and well-being for you. 3 Do not let mercy and truth leave you; bind them around your neck, write them on the tablet of your heart. 4 Then you will find favor and good understanding in the sight of God and people. 5 Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not rely on your own understanding. 6 Acknowledge him in all your ways, and he will make your paths straight. 7 Do not be wise in your own estimation; fear the Lord and turn away from evil. 8 This will bring healing to your body and refreshment to your inner self. 9 Honor the Lord from your wealth and from the first fruits of all your crops; 10 then your barns will be filled completely, and your vats will overflow with new wine. 11 My child, do not despise discipline from the Lord, and do not loathe his rebuke.⁠ 12 For the Lord disciplines those he loves, just as a father disciplines the son in whom he delights.⁠ 13 Blessed is the one who has found wisdom and the one who obtains understanding. 14 For her benefit is more profitable than silver, and her gain is better than gold. 15 She is more precious than rubies, and none of the things you desire can compare with her.⁠ 16 Long life is in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor. 17 Her ways are very pleasant, and all her paths are peaceful.⁠ 18 She is like a tree of life to those who grasp onto her, and everyone who takes hold of her will be blessed.⁠ 19 By wisdom the Lord laid the foundation of the earth;⁠ he established the heavens by understanding.⁠ 20 By his knowledge the primordial sea was broken open, so that the clouds drip down dew. 21 My child, do not let them escape from your sight; safeguard sound wisdom and discretion. 22 So they will become life for your soul and grace around your neck. 23 Then you will walk on your way with security, and you will not stumble.⁠ 24 When you lie down you will not be filled with fear; when you lie down your sleep will be pleasant. 25 Do not be afraid of sudden disaster or when destruction overtakes the wicked; 26 for the Lord will be the source of your confidence, and he will guard your foot from being caught in a trap. 27 Do not withhold good from those who need it when you have the ability to help. 28 Do not say to your neighbor, “Go! Return tomorrow and I will give it,” when you have it with you at the time. 29 Do not plot evil against your neighbor when he dwells by you unsuspectingly. 30 Do not accuse anyone without legitimate cause if he has not treated you wrongly. 31 Do not envy a violent man, and do not choose any of his ways; 32 for one who goes astray is an abomination to the Lord, but he reveals his intimate counsel to the upright. 33 The Lord’s curse is on the household of the wicked, but he blesses the home of the righteous. 34 With arrogant scoffers he is scornful, yet he shows favor to the humble.⁠ 35 The wise inherit honor,⁠ but he holds fools up to public contempt.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 3:17 and 4Q184 1:9

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction

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Summary

Proverbs describes wisdom as a woman whose paths bring peace and life. In 4Q184 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the wicked woman reverses the promise, bringing sin and death to those who follow her paths or hold on to her.

Passages

Proverbs 3:17

Hebrew Bible
16 Long life is in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor. 17 Her ways are very pleasant, and all her paths are peaceful. 18 She is like a tree of life to those who grasp onto her, and everyone who takes hold of her will be blessed.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

4Q184 1:9

Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction · The Seductress
7 she pitches her dwelling, and she resides in the tents of silence, in the midst of everlasting burnings. She has no inheritance among all 8 the lights of brightness. She is the beginning of all the ways of iniquity. Woe, disaster to all who inherit her, and ruin to all 9 who hold on to her. For her ways are ways of death, and her paths are tracks of sin. Her trails lead astray 10 into iniquity, and her pathways are the guilt of transgression. Her gates are gates of death; at the entrance of her house she strides. To Sheol
100–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q184

References

“... In this section of 4Q184 the character is radically transformed. Until now the character has been based primarily on references to the characters from Proverbs of the Strange Woman and Dame Folly. While the allusions here are also to Proverbs, they are now al- lusions to Folly’s nemesis, the good and righteous Lady Wisdom. What is said approvingly in Proverbs about Wisdom is inverted in 4Q184 1, turning statements about Wisdom’s goodness into expressions about the evil, sin, and darkness of this character. In doing so, the interpreter changes the characters in Proverbs into a more perfect oppo- site of the supernatural character of Wisdom—her evil twin. [...] This brief introduction to the reversal of wisdom leads immediately to this obvious and striking reversal of Pr 3:17–18: [...] 18 She is a tree of life to those who possess her and all who hold her are happy. [...] 17 Her paths are paths of goodness, and all her ways are peace. [...] ...Alas! ruin shall be to all who inherit her, and desolation to a[ll] who hold her. [...] For her paths are paths of death and her by- ways[s] are the roads to sin; her tracks lead astray 10 to iniquity, and her ways are the guilt of transgression. ...”
Michael J. Lesley, “Exegetical Wiles: 4Q184 as Scriptural Interpretation,” in The Scrolls and Biblical Traditions: Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting of the IOQS in Helsinki, ed. George J. Brooke, Daniel K. Falk, Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, and Molly M. Zahn (Leiden: Brill, 2012), MS 9.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 3:17 and 4Q184 1:9

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