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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 28

1 The wicked person fled, though no one was pursuing, but the righteous person can be as confident as a lion. 2 When a country is rebellious it has many princes, but by someone who is discerning and knowledgeable order is maintained. 3 A poor person who oppresses the weak is like a driving rain without food. 4 Those who forsake the law praise the wicked, but those who keep the law contend with them. 5 Evil people do not understand justice, but those who seek the Lord understand it all. 6 A poor person who walks in his integrity is better than one who is perverse in his ways even though he is rich. 7 The one who keeps the law is a discerning child, but a companion of gluttons brings shame to his parents. 8 The one who increases his wealth by increasing interest gathers it for someone who is gracious to the needy.⁠ 9 The one who turns away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer is an abomination. 10 The one who leads the upright astray in an evil way will himself fall into his own pit, but the blameless will inherit what is good. 11 A rich person is wise in his own opinion, but a discerning poor person can evaluate him properly. 12 When the righteous rejoice, great is the glory, but when the wicked rise to power, people are sought out. 13 The one who covers his transgressions will not prosper, but whoever confesses them and forsakes them will find mercy. 14 Blessed is the one who is always cautious, but whoever hardens his heart will fall into evil. 15 Like a roaring lion or a roving bear, so is a wicked ruler over a poor people. 16 The prince who is a great oppressor lacks wisdom, but the one who hates unjust gain will prolong his days. 17 The one who is tormented by the murder of another will flee to the pit; let no one support him. 18 The one who walks blamelessly will be delivered, but whoever is perverse in his ways will fall at once. 19 The one who works his land will be satisfied with food, but whoever chases daydreams will have his fill of poverty. 20 A faithful person will have an abundance of blessings, but the one who hastens to gain riches will not go unpunished. 21 To show partiality is terrible, for a person will transgress over the smallest piece of bread. 22 The person with an evil eye 62 hastens after riches and does not know that poverty will overtake him.⁠ 23 The one who reproves another will in the end find more favor than the one who flatters with the tongue. 24 The one who robs his father and mother and says, “There is no transgression,” is a companion to the one who destroys. 25 The greedy person stirs up dissension, but the one who trusts in the Lord will prosper. 26 The one who trusts in his own heart is a fool, but the one who walks in wisdom will escape. 27 The one who gives to the poor will not lack, but whoever shuts his eyes to them will receive many curses. 28 When the wicked gain control, people hide themselves, but when they perish, the righteous increase.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 22:9 and Proverbs 28:22

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs participates in ancient Near Eastern traditions by referring to the evil eye, often used to describe a form of greed and reluctance to share. In its positive form, a good eye describes generosity and trust.

Passages

Proverbs 22:9

Hebrew Bible
7 The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. 8 The one who sows iniquity will reap trouble, and the rod of his fury will end. 9 A person with a good eye23 will be blessed, for he has given some of his food to the poor. 10 Drive out the scorner and contention will leave; strife and insults will cease. 11 The one who loves a pure heart and whose speech is gracious—the king will be his friend.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Proverbs 28:22

Hebrew Bible
21 To show partiality is terrible, for a person will transgress over the smallest piece of bread. 22 The person with an evil eye 62 hastens after riches and does not know that poverty will overtake him. 23 The one who reproves another will in the end find more favor than the one who flatters with the tongue. 24 The one who robs his father and mother and says, “There is no transgression,” is a companion to the one who destroys.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... The Hebrew phrase tov ‘ayin literally means “good eye,” but English translations often use the word “generous” to communicate its deeper meaning. Consider Proverbs 22:9: “One who is generous [tov ‘ayin] will be blessed, because he gives some of his food to the poor.” The opposite of tov ‘ayin (good eye) in Hebrew is ra’ ayin (bad eye). This example from Proverbs 23:6-7 shows both the “bad” and “duplicitous” nuances conveyed in this idiom: “Do not eat the bread of a selfish [ra’ ayin or “bad eye”] person or desire his delicacies. For as he thinks within himself, so he is. He says to you, ‘Eat and drink!’ But his heart is not with you.” Notice how the proverb warns against wanting anything from this double-minded person. Even if what they give has material value, it’s tied to corruption and best to avoid altogether. The bad eye represents the way of pretending to care for others’ needs while staying self-obsessed—publicly posturing as generous when the true agenda is all about personal gain ..."
Bible Project, What Matthew 6:22-23 (The Eye Is the Lamp of the Body) Means (Bible Project, 2024), 1–5.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 22:9 and Proverbs 28:22

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