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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 22

1 A good name is to be chosen rather than great wealth, good favor more than silver or gold. 2 The rich and the poor are met together; the Lord is the Creator of them both. 3 A shrewd person saw danger and hid himself, but the naive passed on by and paid for it. 4 The reward for humility and fearing the Lord is riches and honor and life. 5 Thorns and snares are in the path of the perverse, but the one who guards himself keeps far from them. 6 Train a child in the way that he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it. 7 The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. 8 The one who sows iniquity will reap trouble, and the rod of his fury will end. 9 A person with a good eye23 will be blessed, for he has given some of his food to the poor.⁠ 10 Drive out the scorner and contention will leave; strife and insults will cease. 11 The one who loves a pure heart and whose speech is gracious—the king will be his friend. 12 The eyes of the Lord watched over a cause and subverted the words of the treacherous person. 13 The sluggard has said, “There is a lion outside! I will be killed in the middle of the streets!” 14 The mouth of an adulteress is like a deep pit; the one against whom the Lord is angry will fall into it. 15 Folly is bound up in the heart of a child, but the rod of discipline will drive it far from him. 16 The one who oppresses the poor to increase his own gain and the one who gives to the rich—both end up only in poverty. 17 Incline your ear and listen to the words of the wise, and apply your mind to my instruction. 18 For it is pleasing if you keep these sayings within you, and they are ready on your lips. 19 So that your confidence may be in the Lord, I hereby make them known to you today—even you. 20 Have I not written thirty sayings for you, sayings of counsel and knowledge, 21 to show you true and reliable words, so that you may give accurate answers to those who sent you? 22 Do not exploit a poor person because he is poor and do not crush the needy in court, 23 for the Lord will plead their case and will rob the life of those who are robbing them. 24 Do not make friends with an angry person, and do not associate with a wrathful person, 25 lest you learn his ways and entangle yourself in a snare. 26 Do not be one who strikes hands in pledge or who puts up security for debts. 27 If you do not have enough to pay, your bed will be taken right out from under you! 28 Do not move an ancient boundary stone that was put in place by your ancestors.⁠ 29 You have seen a person skilled in his work—he will take his position before kings; he will not take his position before obscure people.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 22:9 and Proverbs 28:22

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs participates in ancient Near Eastern traditions by referring to the evil eye, often used to describe a form of greed and reluctance to share. In its positive form, a good eye describes generosity and trust.

Passages

Proverbs 22:9

Hebrew Bible
7 The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. 8 The one who sows iniquity will reap trouble, and the rod of his fury will end. 9 A person with a good eye23 will be blessed, for he has given some of his food to the poor. 10 Drive out the scorner and contention will leave; strife and insults will cease. 11 The one who loves a pure heart and whose speech is gracious—the king will be his friend.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Proverbs 28:22

Hebrew Bible
21 To show partiality is terrible, for a person will transgress over the smallest piece of bread. 22 The person with an evil eye 62 hastens after riches and does not know that poverty will overtake him. 23 The one who reproves another will in the end find more favor than the one who flatters with the tongue. 24 The one who robs his father and mother and says, “There is no transgression,” is a companion to the one who destroys.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... The Hebrew phrase tov ‘ayin literally means “good eye,” but English translations often use the word “generous” to communicate its deeper meaning. Consider Proverbs 22:9: “One who is generous [tov ‘ayin] will be blessed, because he gives some of his food to the poor.” The opposite of tov ‘ayin (good eye) in Hebrew is ra’ ayin (bad eye). This example from Proverbs 23:6-7 shows both the “bad” and “duplicitous” nuances conveyed in this idiom: “Do not eat the bread of a selfish [ra’ ayin or “bad eye”] person or desire his delicacies. For as he thinks within himself, so he is. He says to you, ‘Eat and drink!’ But his heart is not with you.” Notice how the proverb warns against wanting anything from this double-minded person. Even if what they give has material value, it’s tied to corruption and best to avoid altogether. The bad eye represents the way of pretending to care for others’ needs while staying self-obsessed—publicly posturing as generous when the true agenda is all about personal gain ..."
Bible Project, What Matthew 6:22-23 (The Eye Is the Lamp of the Body) Means (Bible Project, 2024), 1–5.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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