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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 26

1 Like snow in summer or rain in harvest, so honor is not fitting for a fool. 2 Like a fluttering bird or like a flying swallow, so a curse without cause does not come to rest. 3 A whip for the horse and a bridle for the donkey, and a rod for the backs of fools! 4 Do not answer a fool according to his folly, lest you yourself also be like him. 5 Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own opinion. 6 Like cutting off the feet or drinking violence, so is sending a message by the hand of a fool. 7 Like legs dangle uselessly from the lame, so a proverb dangles in the mouth of fools.⁠ 8 Like tying a stone in a sling, so is giving honor to a fool. 9 Like a thorn has gone up into the hand of a drunkard, so a proverb has gone up into the mouth of a fool. 10 Like an archer who wounds at random, so is the one who hires a fool or hires any passerby. 11 Like a dog that returns to its vomit, so a fool repeats his folly.⁠ 12 You have seen a man wise in his own opinion— there is more hope for a fool than for him. 13 The sluggard has said, “There is a lion in the road! A lion in the streets!” 14 Like a door that turns on its hinges, so a sluggard turns on his bed. 15 The sluggard has plunged his hand in the dish; he is too lazy to bring it back to his mouth. 16 The sluggard is wiser in his own opinion than seven people who respond with good sense. 17 Like one who grabs a wild dog by the ears, so is the person passing by who becomes furious over a quarrel not his own. 18 Like a madman who shoots firebrands and deadly arrows, 19 so is a person who has deceived his neighbor, and said, “Was I not only joking?” 20 Where there is no wood, a fire goes out, and where there is no gossip, contention ceases. 21 Like charcoal is to burning coals, and wood to fire, so is a contentious person to kindle strife. 22 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels;⁠ and they have gone down into a person’s innermost being. 23 Like a coating of glaze over earthenware are fervent lips with an evil heart. 24 The one who hates others disguises it with his lips, but he stores up deceit within him. 25 When he speaks graciously, do not believe him, for there are seven abominations within him. 26 Though his hatred may be concealed by deceit, his evil will be uncovered in the assembly. 27 The one who digs a pit will fall into it;⁠ the one who rolls a stone—it will come back on him.⁠ 28 A lying tongue hates those crushed by it, and a flattering mouth works ruin.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 26:11 and 2 Peter 2:22

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

2 Peter quotes Proverbs 26, about a dog returning to its vomit, to characterize those who return to their old behavior after knowing and experiencing what is right. 2 Peter fuses wisdom and apocalyptic traditions into one argument.

Passages

Proverbs 26:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Like a thorn has gone up into the hand of a drunkard, so a proverb has gone up into the mouth of a fool. 10 Like an archer who wounds at random, so is the one who hires a fool or hires any passerby. 11 Like a dog that returns to its vomit, so a fool repeats his folly. 12 You have seen a man wise in his own opinion— there is more hope for a fool than for him. 13 The sluggard has said, “There is a lion in the road! A lion in the streets!”
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

2 Peter 2:22

New Testament
20 For if after they have escaped the filthy things of the world through the rich knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they again get entangled in them and succumb to them, their last state has become worse for them than their first. 21 For it would have been better for them never to have known the way of righteousness than, having known it, to turn back from the holy commandment that had been delivered to them. 22 They are illustrations of this true proverb: “A dog returns to its own vomit,” and “A sow, after washing herself, wallows in the mire.”
120–130 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Peter

References

"... While in these two brief epistles there are several quotations of OT Scripture (2 Peter 2:22 with Proverbs 26:11; 3:8 with Psalm 90:4; 3:13 with Isaiah 65:17; Jude 9 with Zech 3:2) and possibly one of a Gospel text (2 Peter with Matthew 17:5), as well as one from an extracanonical writing (Jude 14–15 with 1 Enoch 1:9; 5:4; 60:8), the more distinctive feature of these writings is an appeal to Old Testament people or events that evoke episodes of divine salvation in the context of certain and devastating judgment and provide either moral or immoral example. While 2 Peter accentuates the certainty of God’s judgment upon perpetrators of destructive teaching and those who follow licentious ways (2 Peter 2), it also points to a moral example in two of the three citations: Noah saved from the devastating flood (Genesis 6–8) and Lot saved from the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:12–29). Only in the first citation—God not sparing the rebellious angels (Genesis 6:1–6)— no saving act occurs ..."
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 805.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 26:11 and 2 Peter 2:22

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