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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 18

1 One who has isolated himself seeks his own desires; he rejects all sound judgment. 2 A fool takes no pleasure in understanding but only in disclosing what is on his mind. 3 When a wicked person arrives, contempt shows up with him, and with shame comes a reproach. 4 The words of a person’s mouth are like deep waters, and the fountain of wisdom is like a flowing brook. 5 It is terrible to show partiality to the wicked by depriving a righteous man of justice. 6 The lips of a fool enter into strife, and his mouth invites a flogging. 7 The mouth of a fool is his ruin, and his lips are a snare for his life. 8 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels, and they have gone down into the person’s innermost being. 9 The one who is slack in his work is a brother to one who destroys. 10 The name of the Lord is like a strong tower; the righteous person runs to it and is set safely on high. 11 The wealth of a rich person is like a strong city, and it is like a high wall in his imagination. 12 Before destruction the heart of a person is proud, but humility comes before honor. 13 The one who gives an answer before he listens—that⁠ is his folly and his shame. 14 A person’s spirit sustains him through sickness—but who can bear a crushed spirit? 15 The discerning person acquires knowledge, and the wise person seeks knowledge. 16 A person’s gift makes room for him and leads him before important people. 17 The first to state his case seems right, until his opponent begins to cross-examine him. 18 A toss of a coin ends disputes and settles the issue between strong opponents. 19 A relative offended is harder to reach than a strong city, and disputes are like the barred gates of a fortified citadel. 20 From the fruit of a person’s mouth his stomach will be satisfied; with the product of his lips he will be satisfied. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue,⁠ and those who love its use will eat its fruit. 22 The one who has found a wife has found what goodness is and obtained a delightful gift from the Lord.⁠ 23 A poor person makes supplications, but a rich man answers harshly.⁠ 24 There are companions who harm one another, but there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 18:21 and Sirach 5:13

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs 18 says death and life are in the power of the tongue. Sirach reshapes this saying, making speech what earns a person honor or shame which can still lead to their ruin.

Passages

Proverbs 18:21

Hebrew Bible
19 A relative offended is harder to reach than a strong city, and disputes are like the barred gates of a fortified citadel. 20 From the fruit of a person’s mouth his stomach will be satisfied; with the product of his lips he will be satisfied. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue, and those who love its use will eat its fruit. 22 The one who has found a wife has found what goodness is and obtained a delightful gift from the Lord.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Sirach 5:13

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
11 Be swift to hear and answer with patience. 12 If you have understanding, answer your neighbor; but if not, put your hand over your mouth. 13 Glory and dishonor is in talk. A man’s tongue may be his downfall. 14 Don’t be called a whisperer. Don’t lie in wait with your tongue; for shame is on the thief, and an evil condemnation is on him who has a double tongue.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

... Like much ancient wisdom literature, Proverbs and Ben Sira share a concern for control of the tongue, which can cause great evils if unchecked. Sirach 5:9–6:1 develops thoughts from the Book of Proverbs. There is one who speaks like thrusts of a sword, but the tongue of wise persons means healing (Proverbs 12:18). Death and life are in the power of the tongue (Proverbs 18:21; compare Sirach 37:18). Honor and dishonor are in the power of one who speaks (Sirach 5:13a Hebrew manuscript C); and the tongue of a human being is his downfall (Sirach 5:13b Hebrew manuscript A). ...
Jeremy Corley, “An Intertextual Study of Proverbs and Ben Sira,” in Intertextual Studies in Ben Sira and Tobit: Essays in Honor of Alexander A. Di Lella, O.F.M., ed. Jeremy Corley and Vincent Skemp, CBQMS 38 (Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 2005), 177.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 18:21 and Sirach 5:13

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