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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 18

1 One who has isolated himself seeks his own desires; he rejects all sound judgment. 2 A fool takes no pleasure in understanding but only in disclosing what is on his mind. 3 When a wicked person arrives, contempt shows up with him, and with shame comes a reproach. 4 The words of a person’s mouth are like deep waters, and the fountain of wisdom is like a flowing brook. 5 It is terrible to show partiality to the wicked by depriving a righteous man of justice. 6 The lips of a fool enter into strife, and his mouth invites a flogging. 7 The mouth of a fool is his ruin, and his lips are a snare for his life. 8 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels, and they have gone down into the person’s innermost being. 9 The one who is slack in his work is a brother to one who destroys. 10 The name of the Lord is like a strong tower; the righteous person runs to it and is set safely on high. 11 The wealth of a rich person is like a strong city, and it is like a high wall in his imagination. 12 Before destruction the heart of a person is proud, but humility comes before honor. 13 The one who gives an answer before he listens—that⁠ is his folly and his shame. 14 A person’s spirit sustains him through sickness—but who can bear a crushed spirit? 15 The discerning person acquires knowledge, and the wise person seeks knowledge. 16 A person’s gift makes room for him and leads him before important people. 17 The first to state his case seems right, until his opponent begins to cross-examine him. 18 A toss of a coin ends disputes and settles the issue between strong opponents. 19 A relative offended is harder to reach than a strong city, and disputes are like the barred gates of a fortified citadel. 20 From the fruit of a person’s mouth his stomach will be satisfied; with the product of his lips he will be satisfied. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue,⁠ and those who love its use will eat its fruit. 22 The one who has found a wife has found what goodness is and obtained a delightful gift from the Lord.⁠ 23 A poor person makes supplications, but a rich man answers harshly.⁠ 24 There are companions who harm one another, but there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 18:21 and Sirach 37:18

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs 18 says life and death are in the power of the tongue. Sirach expands on this observation, describing how the tongue is the ruler of the mind’s four activities of good, evil, life, and death.

Passages

Proverbs 18:21

Hebrew Bible
19 A relative offended is harder to reach than a strong city, and disputes are like the barred gates of a fortified citadel. 20 From the fruit of a person’s mouth his stomach will be satisfied; with the product of his lips he will be satisfied. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue, and those who love its use will eat its fruit. 22 The one who has found a wife has found what goodness is and obtained a delightful gift from the Lord. 23 A poor person makes supplications, but a rich man answers harshly.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Sirach 37:18

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
16 Let reason be the beginning of every work. Let counsel go before every action. 17 As a token of the changing of the heart, 18 four kinds of things rise up: good and evil, life and death. That which rules over them continually is the tongue. 19 There is one who is clever and the instructor of many, and yet is unprofitable to his own soul. 20 There is one who is subtle in words, and is hated. He will be destitute of all food.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

... The mind’s "four branches," which are given in an a:b::b’:a’ chiastic order: good:evil::death:life; "their absolute mistress" is the tongue (37:18). The tongue of the wise brings forth good, which leads to life; the tongue of the fool, evil, which leads to death. Compare 27:6; 33:14; and Proverbs 18:21. For the Deuteronomic connection between doing good and achieving a long life, and between doing evil and dying prematurely, compare Deuteronomy 30:15-20; Sirach 15:15-17. ...
Patrick W. Skehan and Alexander A. Di Lella, The Wisdom of Ben Sira: A New Translation with Notes, Introduction and Commentary (New York: Doubleday, 1987), 436.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 18:21 and Sirach 37:18

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