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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 15

1 A gentle response turns away anger, but a harsh word stirs up wrath. 2 The tongue of the wise treats knowledge correctly, but the mouth of the fool spouts out folly. 3 The eyes of the Lord are in every place, keeping watch on those who are evil and those who are good. 4 Speech that heals is like a life-giving tree, but a perverse speech breaks the spirit. 5 A fool rejects his father’s discipline, but whoever heeds reproof shows good sense. 6 In the house of the righteous is abundant wealth, but the income of the wicked will be ruined. 7 The lips of the wise spread knowledge, but not so the heart of fools. 8 The Lord abhors the sacrifice of the wicked, but the prayer of the upright pleases him.⁠ 9 The Lord abhors the way of the wicked, but he will love those who pursue righteousness. 10 Severe discipline is for the one who abandons the way; the one who hates reproof will die. 11 Death and Destruction are before the Lord—how much more the hearts of humans! 12 The scorner will not love one who corrects him; he will not go to the wise. 13 A joyful heart makes the face cheerful, but by a painful heart the spirit is broken. 14 The discerning mind seeks knowledge, but the mouth of fools feeds on folly. 15 All the days of the afflicted are bad, but one with a cheerful heart has a continual feast. 16 Better is little with the fear of the Lord than great wealth and turmoil with it. 17 Better a meal of vegetables where there is love than a fattened ox where there is hatred. 18 A quick-tempered person stirs up dissension, but one who is slow to anger calms a quarrel. 19 The way of the sluggard is like a hedge of thorns, but the path of the upright is like a highway. 20 A wise child brings joy to his father, but a foolish person despises his mother. 21 Folly is a joy to one who lacks sense, but one who has understanding follows an upright course. 22 Plans fail when there is no counsel, but with abundant advisers they are established. 23 A person has joy in giving an appropriate answer, and a word at the right time—how good it is! 24 The path of life is upward for the wise person, to keep him from going downward to Sheol. 25 The Lord tears down the house of the proud, but he maintains the boundaries of the widow. 26 The Lord abhors the plans of the wicked, but pleasant words are pure. 27 The one who is greedy for gain troubles his household, but whoever hates bribes will live.⁠ 28 The heart of the righteous considers how to answer, but the mouth of the wicked pours out evil things. 29 The Lord is far from the wicked, but he hears the prayer of the righteous. 30 A bright look brings joy to the heart, and good news gives health to the body. 31 The person who hears the reproof that leads to life is at home among the wise. 32 The one who refuses correction despises himself, but whoever listens to reproof acquires understanding. 33 The fear of the Lord provides wise instruction, and before honor comes humility.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 15:22 and Proverbs 15:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

1 Samuel 15 and Proverbs 15 question the value of sacrifice when it is offered without proper conduct. In Samuel, obedience is more important than the ritual of burnt offerings, while Proverbs states that the sacrifice of the unrighteous is unacceptable.

Passages

1 Samuel 15:22

Hebrew Bible
20 Then Saul said to Samuel, “But I have obeyed the Lord! I went on the campaign the Lord sent me on. I brought back King Agag of the Amalekites after exterminating the Amalekites. 21 But the army took from the plunder some of the sheep and cattle—the best of what was to be slaughtered—to sacrifice to the Lord your God in Gilgal.” 22 Then Samuel said, “Does the Lord take pleasure in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as he does in obedience? Certainly, obedience is better than sacrifice; paying attention is better than the fat of rams. 23 For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and presumption is like the evil of idolatry. Because you have rejected the Lord’s orders, he has rejected you from being king.” 24 Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned, for I have disobeyed what the Lord commanded and your words as well. For I was afraid of the army, and I obeyed their voice.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

Proverbs 15:8

Hebrew Bible
6 In the house of the righteous is abundant wealth, but the income of the wicked will be ruined. 7 The lips of the wise spread knowledge, but not so the heart of fools. 8 The Lord abhors the sacrifice of the wicked, but the prayer of the upright pleases him. 9 The Lord abhors the way of the wicked, but he will love those who pursue righteousness. 10 Severe discipline is for the one who abandons the way; the one who hates reproof will die.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... It has further been suggested that the prophetic 'No!' to sacrifices that can be heard in some passages does not mean 'no' in an absolute sense. In Biblical Hebrew, and in other Semitic languages, negations can be used to express comparison or prioritization. This is referred to as either 'relative' or 'dialectic' negation. Thus, according to some scholars, the prophets were really saying something like 'not sacrifices (in the first place), but rather ...' implying that ethics, obedience or faith is more desirable than cultic observance. This is, I suggest, an excellent interpretation of Hosea 6:6, but such a reading seems less adequate in other cases (e.g. Amos 5:21-24; Isaiah 1:10-17; Jeremiah 6:20; also compare 1 Samuel 15:22) ... The idea that the 'classical' prophets regarded ethics as more important than cultic worship is a central tenet in another theory, as well. According to several exegetes, the prophetic critique of sacrifice was informed by ideas that were current within the sapiential tradition. These scholars suggest that the prophets did not reject the sacrifices per se, but those who were offering them, because of their allegedly unethical behavior. Rather than being pioneers for a new, radical attitude towards the sacrificial cult, the prophets iterated (and rephrased) well-known wisdom teachings. In both extra-biblical and biblical wisdom texts (e.g. Proverbs 15:8; 21:27) it is asserted that the sacrifice presented by a wicked person is brought in vain, since it will not be accepted by his/her god ..."
Göran Eidevall, Sacrificial Rhetoric in the Prophetic Literature of the Hebrew Bible (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2012), 17–18.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 15:22 and Proverbs 15:8

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