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Contra Celsum, Book 6

Against Celsus

About this book
Chapter 27

Next, after the matters of the diagram, Celsus, without even having half-heard anything about what churchmen call the seal, sets out certain strange ideas of his own and a dialogue of question and answer, in which the one who applies the seal is called father, and the one being sealed is called young man and son and answers: “I have been anointed with white ointment from the tree of life,” something we have not heard happens even among the sects.⁠ Then he also fixes a number said by those who hand on the seal: seven angels standing on either side of the soul as it departs from the body, some of light and others of those called archontic; and he says that the ruler of those called archontic is called a cursed god. Then, seizing on the phrase, he reasonably accuses those who dare to say this; and for this reason we too share the indignation of those who blame such people, if indeed there are some who call the God of the Jews cursed, the God who sends rain and thunder, the Creator of this world, the God of Moses and of the creation he describes. But Celsus seems to have intended something by this that was not fair-minded but, from his unphilosophical hatred of us, utterly unfair. For he wished to make those unacquainted with our teachings, when they read his book, fight against us, as though we called the good Creator of this world a cursed god. And he seems to me to have done something like the Jews who, at the beginning of the teaching of Christianity, spread slander against the faith, saying that Christians sacrifice a child and eat its flesh, and again that those of the faith, wishing to do the works of darkness, put out the light and each has intercourse with whatever woman is at hand. This slander, absurd as it is, long ago prevailed over a great many people, persuading those outside the faith that Christians are like this; and even now it still deceives some, who are turned away by such things from coming even to simple conversation with Christians.

Book 7

Texts in conversation

Compare Gospel of Philip 10:9 and Origen, Contra Celsum 6 27:1

Nag Hammadi · Early Christian

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Summary

The Gospel of Philip and Contra Celsum 6 connect anointing oil with the tree of life. Philip makes it the source of resurrection. Origen reports the same tree in a disputed ceremony, connecting Philip's image with the use of oil to receive life.

Passages

Gospel of Philip 10:9

Nag Hammadi
Philip the apostle said: “Joseph the carpenter planted a garden because he needed wood to carry out his trade. He was the one who made the cross from the trees he had planted, and his seed hung on what he had planted. His seed was Jesus, and the plant was the cross.” However, the Tree of Life dwells in the midst of the garden, and from the olive tree came the chrism, and from it came the resurrection. This world is a corpse-eater. All that are eaten in it will die as well. Truth is a life-eater. Consequently, not one of those who feed on [truth] will die.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

Origen, Contra Celsum 6 27:1

Early Christian · Against Celsus
Next, after the matters of the diagram, Celsus, without even having half-heard anything about what churchmen call the seal, sets out certain strange ideas of his own and a dialogue of question and answer, in which the one who applies the seal is called father, and the one being sealed is called young man and son and answers: “I have been anointed with white ointment from the tree of life,” something we have not heard happens even among the sects. Then he also fixes a number said by those who hand on the seal: seven angels standing on either side of the soul as it departs from the body, some of light and others of those called archontic; and he says that the ruler of those called archontic is called a cursed god.
248 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Origen, Contra Celsum 6

References

“... 92. But the tree of life stands in the midst of paradise. And indeed (it is) the olive-tree. From it came the chrism. Through it ⟨came⟩58 the resurrection. [...] 59. Cf. Ps.-Clem. Recog. I 45; the Ophites (according to Origen, c. Cels. VI 27), where the newly initiated must say: 'I have been anointed with white ointment from the tree of life'; and Bousset, Hauptprobleme, pp. 304f. ...”
Hans-Martin Schenke, “The Gospel of Philip,” in New Testament Apocrypha, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings, ed. Wilhelm Schneemelcher and R. McL. Wilson (Cambridge: James Clarke, 1991), 199, 208.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Gospel of Philip 10:9 and Origen, Contra Celsum 6 27:1

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