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Onkelos Leviticus

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Holy Sacrifices

Chapter 3

1 And if his offering is a holy sacrifice from cattle, whether male or female, he shall offer it unblemished before the Lord. 2 And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering at the door of the Tent of Meeting; and the priests the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle the blood all around the altar. 3 And from the offering of the holy sacrifice, he shall offer the fat that covers the internal organs, all the fat that is on the internal organs, 4 and the two kidneys and the fat which is on them on the sides,⁠ and he shall remove the covering that is on the liver with the kidneys. 5 And the sons of Aaron shall burn it at the altar, with the burnt offering which is on the wood on the fire, an offering to be received with grace before the Lord. 6 But if his offering of a holy sacrifice before the Lord is from the flock, whether male or female, he shall offer it unblemished. 7 If his offering is a lamb, he shall present it before the Lord, 8 and lay his hand on the head of his offering, and slaughter it before the Tent of Meeting; and the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle its blood on the altar all around. 9 And from his offering of the holy sacrifice before the Lord he shall remove its fat, the entire tail close to the backbone; the fat which covers the internal organs, 10 even all the fat which is on the internal organs, and the two kidneys and the fat which is on them on the sides, and he shall remove the covering that is over the liver with the kidneys; 11 and the priest shall burn it at the altar; it is the food of an offering before the Lord. 12 But if his offering is from the young goats, he shall present it before the Lord, 13 and lay his hand on its head, and slaughter it before the Tent of Meeting; and the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle its blood on the altar all around. 14 And of his offering he shall offer as an offering before the Lord the fat which covers the internal organs, 15 and all the fat which is on the internal organs, and the two kidneys, and the fat which is on them on the sides; but he shall remove the covering that is over the liver with the kidneys. 16 And the priest shall burn them at the altar: it is the food of an offering to be received with acceptance; all the fat shall be offered before the Lord. 17 It is an everlasting statute for your generations, and in all the places where you live, that neither the fat nor the blood shall be eaten.

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 3:4 and Onkelos Leviticus 3:4

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Leviticus 3 includes the term for a specific type of fat whose meaning is uncertain and debated. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos replaces this obscure word with a familiar Aramaic term meaning “side,” aligning it with Rabbinic interpretation.

Passages

Leviticus 3:4

Hebrew Bible
3 Then the one presenting the offering must present a gift to the Lord from the peace-offering sacrifice: He must remove the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that surrounds the entrails, 4 the two kidneys with the fat on their sinews, and the protruding lobe on the liver (which he is to remove along with the kidneys). 5 Then the sons of Aaron must offer it up in smoke on the altar atop the burnt offering that is on the wood in the fire as a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Onkelos Leviticus 3:4

Targum
3 And from the offering of the holy sacrifice, he shall offer the fat that covers the internal organs, all the fat that is on the internal organs, 4 and the two kidneys and the fat which is on them on the sides, and he shall remove the covering that is on the liver with the kidneys. 5 And the sons of Aaron shall burn it at the altar, with the burnt offering which is on the wood on the fire, an offering to be received with grace before the Lord.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Leviticus

References

"... Sifra and the Babylonian Talmud, Berachot 40a, admit that Scripture's hakesalim is obscure, and scholars differ as to which fat is meant. Saadiah opted for a general indefinite statement, 'inner organs.' Rashi translates it as 'flanks' and identifies it as the fat on the kidneys. Ibn Ezra derives the meaning from kesil, certain 'stars' in Isaiah 13:10 that flanked different sides of a constellation. Onkelos's gisesiya is the Aramaic term that replaces Scripture's 'side,' in Targum Jonathan to Isaiah 60:4 and 66:12, and it is the frequent talmudic usage for 'side,' such as the phrase Ridakh gisa, 'to the other side' ..."
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Leviticus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2008), 14.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 3:4 and Onkelos Leviticus 3:4

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