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Onkelos Leviticus

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Purification after Childbirth

Chapter 12

1 And the Lord spoke with Moses, saying: 2 Speak with the children of Israel, saying: A woman, when she has conceived and borne a male child, shall be unclean seven days; according to the days for the removal of her uncleanness, she shall be unclean.⁠ 3 And on the eighth day he shall be circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin; 4 and she shall continue thirty-three days in the purification of blood; she may not touch any sacred thing or come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purification are completed. 5 But if she bears a female child, she shall be unclean fourteen days, according to her separation; and she will remain sixty-six days for the purification of the blood. 6 And when the days of her purification are complete, for the son or for the daughter, let her bring a year-old lamb for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering, to the door of the Tent of Meeting, to the priest, 7 who shall offer it before the Lord, and make atonement for her, and she shall be cleansed from the uncleanness of her blood. This is the law for her who bears male or female. 8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, let her take two turtledoves, or two young pigeons; one for the burnt offering, and the other for the sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for her, and she shall be clean.

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 12:2 and Onkelos Leviticus 12:2

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Leviticus 12 describes ritual impurity after childbirth in direct terms. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos softens this by describing distance or separation, reflecting a pattern in the Targums that uses gentler language for sensitive topics.

Passages

Leviticus 12:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Tell the Israelites, ‘When a woman produces offspring and bears a male child, she will be unclean seven days, as she is unclean during the days of her menstruation. 3 On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin must be circumcised.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Onkelos Leviticus 12:2

Targum
1 And the Lord spoke with Moses, saying: 2 Speak with the children of Israel, saying: A woman, when she has conceived and borne a male child, shall be unclean seven days; according to the days for the removal of her uncleanness, she shall be unclean. 3 And on the eighth day he shall be circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin;
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Leviticus

References

"... Onkelos renders Scripture’s niddat as richuk, literally “far,” “distant,” or “rejected.” This rendering seems at first blush to reflect Rashbam’s view that the root of niddat is n-d-d, “to wander away [and be far from her husband during the menstrual period].” However ... it has been shown that Onkelos uses the somewhat amorphous word richuk as an evasive term for several quite different biblical nouns to avoid defining them ..."
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Leviticus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2008), 85.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 12:2 and Onkelos Leviticus 12:2

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