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Onkelos Genesis

About this book

Abraham and Sarah in Gerar

Chapter 20

1 And Abraham migrated from there to the southern land, and lived between Petra and Hagra; and he stayed in Gerar. 2 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister. And Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent and took Sarah. 3 And the Memra came from the presence of the Lord to Abimelech in a dream of the night,⁠ and said to him, Look, you will die, on account of the woman whom you have taken, for she is a married man's wife. 4 But Abimelech had not approached her. And he said, Lord, will You also kill the innocent people? 5 Did he not say to me, She is my sister? And she also said, He is my brother. I have done this with an upright heart and innocent hands. 6 And the Lord said to him in a dream, It is also known to Me that in the integrity of your heart you have done this, and I have also restrained you from sinning before Me; therefore I have not permitted you to approach her. 7 And now return the man's wife; for he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you shall live. But if you will not return her, know that you shall certainly die, you and all who belong to you.

Abimelech Confronts Abraham

8 And Abimelech arose in the morning, and called all his servants, and spoke all these words before them; and the men were very afraid. 9 And Abimelech called Abraham, and said to him, What have you done to us, and in what have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? You have done things to me that should not be done. 10 And Abimelech said to Abraham, What did you see that made you do this? 11 And Abraham spoke, Because I said, Perhaps the fear of the Lord is not in this place, and they will kill me on account of my wife. 12 Even so, in truth she is my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. 13 And it was, when the people erred after the works of their hands, the Lord did bring me near to the fear of Himself, from among the house of my father. And I said to her, This is the favor you can do for me; in every place through which we pass, say of me, He is my brother. 14 And Abimelech took sheep, and oxen, and servants, and female servants, and gave to Abraham, and returned to him Sarah his wife. 15 And Abimelech said, Look, my land is before you: live wherever you please. 16 And to Sarah he said, Look, I have given a thousand seleen of silver to your brother; look, this is a garment of honor for you, in exchange for my sending for you and seeing you and all that is with you; and concerning everything you have said, you have been vindicated. 17 And Abraham prayed before the Lord, and the Lord healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his female servants, and they recovered: 18 for the Lord had shut all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, on account of Sarah, the wife of Abraham.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 20:3 and Onkelos Genesis 20:3

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Genesis 20 says that God appeared to Abimelech in a dream, warning him about Sarah. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos says that the “Memra” of God spoke, following a pattern in the Targums that uses “Memra” as an intermediary for divine action.

Passages

Genesis 20:3

Hebrew Bible
2 Abraham said about his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.” So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her. 3 But God appeared to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife.” 4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her. He said, “Lord, would you really slaughter an innocent nation?
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Onkelos Genesis 20:3

Targum
2 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister. And Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent and took Sarah. 3 And the Memra came from the presence of the Lord to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him, Look, you will die, on account of the woman whom you have taken, for she is a married man's wife. 4 But Abimelech had not approached her. And he said, Lord, will You also kill the innocent people?
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Genesis

References

"... Again, as with “glory,” the targumists use the “Presence” of God as a way of accounting for the wording of the Hebrew text, without the suggestion that God is visible or limited to one place; the Shekhinah both is and is not God. Besides “glory” and “presence,” the targumists use “word,” “command,” or “utterance” (Memra) to render speech by and about God. The use of Memra across the Targums is unsystematic, but the core of its meaning seems to be that God acts in and through his powerful commands, so that in any context of God’s speech or action the Memra, like “glory” and “presence,” can stand for God himself ... The literature on the use of Memra in the Targums is massive, largely because, for many years, many interested parties have wished to assert (or deny) its relevance as background for the Logos concept found in Philo and in the Gospel of John ..."
Edward M. Cook, “The Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in the Targums,” in A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, ed. Matthias Henze (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012), 92–117.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 20:3 and Onkelos Genesis 20:3

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