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Onkelos Genesis

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The Covenant with Abraham

Chapter 17

1 And Abram was ninety-nine years old: and the Lord was revealed to Abram, and said to him, I am El-shadai; serve before Me, and be blameless; 2 and I will set a covenant between My Memra and you, and I will multiply you very greatly. 3 And Abram fell on his face: and the Lord spoke with him, saying, 4 Look, I have dedicated My covenant with you, and you shall be the father of many peoples, 5 and your name shall no longer be called Abram; but your name shall be Abraham, because I have appointed you the father of many peoples. 6 And I will make your descendants very numerous, and I will appoint nations and kings who shall rule peoples to come from you. 7 And I will establish My covenant between My Memra and you, and your descendants after you for all future generations, to be to you a God, and to your descendants after you. 8 And I will give to you and to your descendants after you the land of your residence, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be to them Eloha.

Circumcision as the Covenant Sign

9 And the Lord said to Abraham, And you shall keep My covenant, you and your descendants after you in their generations. 10 This is My covenant which you shall keep between My Memra and you and your descendants after you, to circumcise every male that is among you. 11 And you shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and it shall be for the sign of the covenant between My Memra and you. 12 And every boy eight days old shall be circumcised among you; every male in your generations, born in the house, or bought with money, of any foreigner, who is not of your descendants, 13 you shall certainly circumcise the one born in the house, and him bought with money; and it shall be My covenant in your flesh for a covenant forever. 14 And the male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that man shall perish from the people because he has broken My covenant.

The Promise of Isaac

15 And the Lord said to Abraham, The name of your wife Sarai shall not be called Sarai, for Sarah shall be her name: 16 and I will bless her, and I will also give you a son from her; and I will bless her, and nations and kings who rule peoples shall come from her. 17 And Abraham fell upon his face and rejoiced,⁠ and said to himself, Will a man a hundred years old have a child, and will Sarah give birth at ninety?⁠ 18 And Abraham said before the Lord, If only Ishmael may be established before You! 19 And the Lord said, Truly, your wife Sarah shall bear you a son, and you shall name him Isaac; and I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant to his sons after him. 20 And concerning Ishmael I have accepted your prayer. Look, I have blessed him, and I will make his descendants very numerous. He will father twelve princes, and I will make him a great people. 21 But My covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you, at this time, next year. 22 And when He had finished speaking with him, the Glory of the Lord ascended from Abraham.⁠ 23 And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and everyone born in his house, and everyone bought with his money, every male, the men of the house of Abraham, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin on that very day, as the Lord had spoken with him. 24 And Abraham was ninety-nine years old, when he circumcised the flesh of his foreskin. 25 And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when the flesh of his foreskin was circumcised. 26 On that same day Abraham was circumcised, and Ishmael his son, 27 and all the men of his house, whether born in his house, or bought with money from the sons of the Gentiles, were circumcised with him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 17:22 and Onkelos Genesis 17:22

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Genesis 17 describes God leaving after speaking with Abraham. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos changes this to say the “Presence” or “Glory” of God was leaving to avoid describing God as physically moving from place to place like a human.

Passages

Genesis 17:22

Hebrew Bible
21 But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time next year.” 22 When he finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him. 23 Abraham took his son Ishmael and every male in his household (whether born in his house or bought with money) and circumcised them on that very same day, just as God had told him to do.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Onkelos Genesis 17:22

Targum
21 But My covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you, at this time, next year. 22 And when He had finished speaking with him, the Glory of the Lord ascended from Abraham. 23 And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and everyone born in his house, and everyone bought with his money, every male, the men of the house of Abraham, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin on that very day, as the Lord had spoken with him.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Genesis

References

"... “Glory” can also be used wherever the targumist wished to render any biblical text that suggested God was spatially located in a place, as in Genesis 28:16 (Onkelos, Neofiti) or Genesis 17:22 ... Usually, however, God’s local manifestation was denoted by the term “presence” ... Unlike the term “glory,” the term Shekhinah did not already have a long tradition behind it in Jewish theology, but the concept goes back to the biblical use of the verb used to denote the “dwelling” or local manifestation of God (Exodus 40:35; Deuteronomy 33:16) ..."
Edward M. Cook, “The Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in the Targums,” in A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, ed. Matthias Henze (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012), 92–117.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 17:22 and Onkelos Genesis 17:22

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