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Onkelos Exodus

About this book

Plagues on Egypt

Chapter 9

1 And the Lord said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh and say to him: This is what the Lord, the God of the Jews, says: Send My people away, so that they may worship before Me: 2 for if you refuse to send them away, and keep holding them, 3 look, a plague from the Lord's presence shall come upon your cattle which are in the field; upon the horses, upon the donkeys, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep, a very deadly plague. 4 But the Lord will make a distinction between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of the Egyptians; and of all that the children of Israel own, not one shall die. 5 And the Lord set a time, saying, Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land. 6 And the Lord did this thing on the next day, and all the cattle of the Egyptians died; but of the cattle of the sons of Israel not one died. 7 And Pharaoh sent, and look, not one of the cattle of the sons of Israel had died. And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not send the people away. 8 And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, Take handfuls of soot from the furnace, and let Moses throw it toward the heavens in the sight of Pharaoh; 9 and it will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and it shall become boils breaking out into sores on people and animals throughout all the land of Egypt. 10 And they took the soot from the furnace and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses threw it toward the heavens, and it became boils breaking out into sores on people and animals. 11 And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boils were on the magicians and on all the Egyptians. 12 And the Lord made Pharaoh's heart stubborn, and he would not listen to them, as the Lord had said to Moses. 13 And the Lord said to Moses, Get up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, This is what the Lord, the God of the Jews, says: Send My people away, so that they may worship before Me: 14 for this time I will send all My plagues upon your heart, and upon your servants and your people, so that you may know that there is no one like Me, the Ruler in all the earth. 15 For it is now within My reach to send My strong plagues, and strike you and your people with death, and you would be cut off from the earth. 16 But for this reason I have kept you standing: to show you My power, and so that they may declare the might of My name in all the earth. 17 You still hold My people down, so as not to release them. 18 Look, at this time tomorrow I will bring down a very heavy hail, the like of which has never been in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. 19 And now, send and bring in your cattle and all that you have in the field; for the hail will fall on every person and animal that is found in the field and not brought into the house, and they shall die. 20 Whoever among Pharaoh's servants feared the word of the Lord brought his servants and his cattle into the houses; 21 but whoever did not set his heart on the word of the Lord left his servants and his cattle in the field. 22 And the Lord said to Moses, Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, so that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, on people and animals and on every plant of the field throughout the land of Egypt. 23 And Moses stretched out the staff toward the heavens, and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the ground: and the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt, 24 and there was hail, and fire flashing amid the hail, very heavy, such as had never been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. 25 And the hail struck everything that was in the field throughout all the land of Egypt, from people to cattle, and the hail struck every plant of the field, and broke every tree of the field. 26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, there was no hail. 27 And Pharaoh sent and called for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, I have sinned this time; the Lord is righteous, and I and my people are guilty. 28 Pray before the Lord that there may be relief before Him, so that there are no more thunders of cursing like these before the Lord, and no hail; and I will send you away, and you shall stay no longer. 29 And Moses said to him, As soon as I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands in prayer before the Lord,⁠ and the thunder shall cease, and there shall be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth is the Lord's. 30 But as for you and your servants, I know that you are not yet humbled before the Lord God. 31 And the flax and the barley were struck down, because the barley was in the ear, and the flax was in bloom: 32 but the wheat and the spelt were not struck down, because they ripen late. 33 And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread out his hands in prayer before the Lord, and the thunder and the hail stopped, and the rain that had been coming down no longer reached the earth. 34 And Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had stopped, and he sinned yet again, and hardened his heart, he and his servants. 35 And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not send the sons of Israel away, as the Lord had spoken through Moses.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 9:29 and Onkelos Exodus 9:29

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Exodus 9 says that Moses “spread out his hands,” a gesture with ambiguous meaning. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos specifies “in prayer,” the addition reflects a later tendency of interpreting ritual gestures as types of prayer.

Passages

Exodus 9:29

Hebrew Bible
28 Pray to the Lord, for the mighty thunderings and hail are too much! I will release you and you will stay no longer.” 29 Moses said to him, “When I leave the city I will spread my hands to the Lord, the thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth belongs to the Lord. 30 But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear the Lord God.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Onkelos Exodus 9:29

Targum
28 Pray before the Lord that there may be relief before Him, so that there are no more thunders of cursing like these before the Lord, and no hail; and I will send you away, and you shall stay no longer. 29 And Moses said to him, As soon as I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands in prayer before the Lord, and the thunder shall cease, and there shall be no more hail, so that you may know that the earth is the Lord's. 30 But as for you and your servants, I know that you are not yet humbled before the Lord God.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Exodus

References

"... There is no verse in the Pentateuch that explicitly describes a person as praying. Prayer, as we understand it today, evolved and developed over many centuries. Nevertheless, there are seventeen instances in Exodus in which our targumist describes an act with the term 'prayer,' thereby suggesting that he felt the deed should be understood as a prayer. Thus, in verse 9:29, he clarifies the ambiguous phrase 'spread out my hands,' by attaching the phrase 'in prayer' ..."
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Exodus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2006), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 9:29 and Onkelos Exodus 9:29

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