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Onkelos Exodus

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Craftsmen for the Sanctuary

Chapter 31

1 And the Lord spoke with Moses, saying, 2 Look, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, 3 and I have filled him with the spirit of prophecy from the Lord's presence,⁠ with wisdom, and with understanding, and with knowledge, and with skill to excel in every kind of work, 4 to teach craftsmen to work in gold, and in silver, and in bronze, 5 and in cutting precious stones for setting, and in carving wood, to do every kind of work. 6 And I, look, I have appointed with him Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; and I have put wisdom in the hearts of all who are skilled, so that they may make all that I have commanded you: 7 the Tent of Meeting, and the ark of the testimony, and the Mercy Seat that is on it, and all the furnishings of the tent; 8 and the table and its vessels, and the pure lampstand and all its vessels, and the altar of incense, 9 and the altar of burnt offering and all its vessels, and the basin and its stand; 10 and the garments for ministry, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons for ministering; 11 and the anointing oil, and the fragrant incense for the sanctuary; they shall make them according to all that I have commanded you.

The Sabbath and the Tablets

12 And the Lord spoke with Moses, saying, 13 And you, speak with the sons of Israel, saying, You shall surely keep My Sabbaths; for it is a sign between My Memra and you throughout your generations, so that you may know that I am the Lord who sanctifies you. 14 And you shall keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you; whoever profanes it shall surely be put to death; for whoever does any work on it, that person shall be cut off from among his people. 15 For six days work shall be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath, the holy Sabbath before the Lord; whoever does work on the Sabbath day shall surely be put to death. 16 And the sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, observing the Sabbath throughout their generations, as a statute forever. 17 It is a sign between My Memra and the sons of Israel forever; for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed. 18 And when He had finished speaking with Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave Moses two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone, inscribed with the finger of the Lord.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 31:3 and Onkelos Exodus 31:3

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Exodus 31 says God filled Bezalel with the Spirit of God for the work of the tabernacle. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos detaches the spirit from God, calling it a spirit of prophecy that comes from God’s presence instead.

Passages

Exodus 31:3

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, 2 “See, I have chosen Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, 3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God in skill, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all kinds of craftsmanship, 4 to make artistic designs for work with gold, with silver, and with bronze,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Onkelos Exodus 31:3

Targum
1 And the Lord spoke with Moses, saying, 2 Look, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, 3 and I have filled him with the spirit of prophecy from the Lord's presence, with wisdom, and with understanding, and with knowledge, and with skill to excel in every kind of work, 4 to teach craftsmen to work in gold, and in silver, and in bronze,
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Exodus

References

“... Since it was nothing short of a miracle to find a person skilled in these crafts, it was necessary for God to fill such a person ‘with a spirit from before the Lord; with wisdom, understanding, and knowledge, and in every craft’ (verse 3). [...] 3. SPIRIT FROM BEFORE THE LORD. Onkelos disengages the ‘spirit’ from ‘God’ by inserting ‘before.’ This gives the deity a more elevated and transcendent status: even the spirit does not approach or adhere to Him. The ‘spirit of the Lord’ is the ‘spirit of wisdom and understanding’ (ibn Ezra). It is ‘knowledge received from God’ (Saadiah). LORD. The targumist substitutes the Tetragrammaton for Scripture’s Elohim. ...”
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Exodus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2006), 215.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 31:3 and Onkelos Exodus 31:3

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