Go to Related Reading
About this book

Onkelos Exodus

About this book

Priestly Clothing

Chapter 28

1 And you, bring near to you Aaron your brother and his sons with him from among the sons of Israel, so that they may minister before Me: Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron. 2 And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother, for glory and for splendor. 3 And speak with all the skilled whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, so that they make Aaron's garments to consecrate him to minister before Me. 4 And these are the garments which they shall make: the breastplate, and the ephod, and the robe, and the checkered tunic, the turban, and the sash; and they shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother and for his sons to minister before Me. 5 And they shall take the gold, and the blue, and the purple, and the scarlet, and the fine linen. 6 And they shall make the Ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen, the work of a skilled craftsman. 7 It shall have two shoulder pieces joined to its two edges, so that it may be joined together. 8 And its decorated band, which is on it, shall be of the same work, of one piece with it, of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen. 9 And you shall take two onyx stones, and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel. 10 Six of their names on one stone, and the six remaining names on the other stone, in the order of their birth. 11 With the work of a craftsman in precious stones, in clear writing, like the engraving of a signet ring, you shall engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel; you shall set them in settings of gold. 12 And you shall put the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, as stones of remembrance for the sons of Israel; and Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord on his two shoulders as a memorial. 13 And you shall make settings of gold; 14 and two chains of pure gold, braided like cords, you shall make of twisted work, and you shall attach the corded chains to the settings. 15 And you shall make the Breastplate of Judgment, the work of a skilled craftsman; you shall make it like the work of the ephod; you shall make it of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen. 16 It shall be square and folded double, a span long and a span wide; 17 and you shall set in it a full setting of stones: four rows of precious stones; the first row, carnelian, topaz and emerald, the first row; 18 the second row, carbuncle, sapphire, and onyx; 19 and the third row, jacinth, agate, and amethyst; 20 and the fourth row, chrysolite, beryl, and jasper; they shall be set in gold in their fittings. 21 And the stones shall correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, twelve according to their names, in clear writing like the engraving of a signet ring, each according to his name, for the twelve tribes. 22 And you shall make on the breastplate corded chains of twisted work of pure gold, 23 and two rings of gold on the breastplate, and you shall put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate. 24 And you shall put the two cords of gold in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate; 25 and the two ends of the two cords you shall attach to the two settings, and put them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod at its front. 26 And you shall make two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, on its edge, on the inner side next to the ephod. 27 And you shall make two other rings of gold, and put them on the two shoulder pieces of the ephod below, at its front, near its seam, above the band of the ephod. 28 And they shall bind the breastplate by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a cord of blue, so that it is above the band of the ephod, and the breastplate does not come loose from the ephod. 29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel on the breastplate of judgment over his heart when he goes into the sanctuary, as a continual memorial before the Lord. 30 And you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim;⁠ and they shall be over Aaron's heart when he goes in before the Lord; and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the Lord continually. 31 And you shall make the Robe of the ephod all of blue. 32 And its opening for the head shall be in the middle of it, folded over inward; its opening shall have a binding all around, the work of a weaver, like the opening of a coat of mail, so that it is not torn. 33 And on its hem you shall make pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, all around its hem, with bells of gold between them all around. 34 A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, all around the hem of the robe. 35 And it shall be on Aaron when he ministers, and its sound shall be heard when he goes into the sanctuary before the Lord and when he comes out, so that he does not die. 36 And you shall make a Diadem of pure gold, and engrave on it in clear writing, HOLY TO THE LORD; 37 and you shall fasten it on a cord of blue, so that it may be on the turban; it shall be on the front of the turban. 38 And it shall be on Aaron's forehead, so that Aaron may bear the guilt of the holy things which the sons of Israel consecrate, all their holy gifts; and it shall always be on his forehead, so that they may be accepted before the Lord. 39 And you shall weave the tunic of fine linen, and make the turban of fine linen, and you shall make a sash, the work of an embroiderer. 40 And for Aaron's sons you shall make tunics, and make sashes for them, and you shall make caps for them, for glory and for splendor. 41 And you shall dress Aaron your brother and his sons in them, and anoint them, and ordain them, and consecrate them, so that they may minister before Me. 42 And you shall make them linen undergarments to cover their nakedness; they shall reach from the waist to the thighs. 43 And they shall be on Aaron and on his sons when they go into the Tent of Meeting, or when they come near the altar to minister in the sanctuary, so that they do not incur guilt and die. This shall be an everlasting statute for him and for his descendants after him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 28:30 and LXX Exodus 28:30 and Onkelos Exodus 28:30

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Targum

Share:

Summary

Exodus 28 describes the Urim and Thummim in the priest’s breastpiece without saying what they are. The Greek translation in the Septuagint calls them the Unveiling and the Truth, while the Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos leaves them unexplained.

Passages

Exodus 28:30

Hebrew Bible
29 Aaron will bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastpiece of decision over his heart when he goes into the Holy Place, for a memorial before the Lord continually. 30 “You are to put the Urim and the Thummim into the breastpiece of decision; and they are to be over Aaron’s heart when he goes in before the Lord. Aaron is to bear the decisions of the Israelites over his heart before the Lord continually. 31 “You are to make the robe of the ephod completely blue.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

LXX Exodus 28:30

Septuagint
29a And you shall put the fringes on the oracle of judgment; you shall put the wreaths on both sides of the oracle, and you shall put the two circlets on both the shoulders of the ephod in front. 30 And you shall put the Unveiling and the Truth on the oracle of judgment; and it shall be on the breast of Aaron, when he goes into the holy place before the Lord; and Aaron shall bear the judgments of the children of Israel on his breast before the Lord continually. 31 And you shall make the full-length tunic all of blue.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

Onkelos Exodus 28:30

Targum
29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel on the breastplate of judgment over his heart when he goes into the sanctuary, as a continual memorial before the Lord. 30 And you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be over Aaron's heart when he goes in before the Lord; and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the Lord continually. 31 And you shall make the Robe of the ephod all of blue.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Exodus

References

“... 30. URIM AND THUMMIM. It is impossible to know how these objects functioned and scholars speculate with different ideas. The Aramaic simply repeats the Hebrew words. ...”
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Exodus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2006), 195.
“... The explanation of the terms is difficult. In English translations, as in other modern translations, they are as a rule left untranslated and only transliterated. An exception is the Dutch LuthV, which stands in the tradition of the Luther translation (cf. Van Dam, 23f.), which has ‘Licht en Recht’ (Light and Right) (cf. Buber - Rosenzweig: ‘die Lichtenden und die Schlichtenden’). Already TO, TPsJ, TNf have stayed with the Hebrew terminology. Other ancient versions do have a translation of the terms. ...”
C. Houtman, Historical Commentary on the Old Testament: Exodus (Kok, 1993), 493.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Exodus 28:30 and LXX Exodus 28:30 and Onkelos Exodus 28:30

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library