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Onkelos Exodus

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Offerings for the Sanctuary

Chapter 25

1 And the Lord spoke with Moses, saying, 2 Speak with the sons of Israel, that they set apart an offering before Me: you shall receive the offering from every man whose heart is willing. 3 And this is the offering that you shall take from them: gold, and silver, and bronze; 4 and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair, 5 and rams' skins dyed red, and purple skins, and acacia wood; 6 oil for the lamps, spices for the anointing oil, and spices for the incense; 7 beryl stones, and stones for setting in the ephod and the breastplate. 8 And they shall make a Sanctuary before Me, so that I may cause My Shekinah to dwell among them. 9 You shall make them exactly as I show you the pattern of the sanctuary and the pattern of all its vessels.

Furnishings for the Sanctuary

10 And they shall make an Ark of acacia wood; two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high. 11 And you shall overlay it with pure gold inside and outside, and you shall make a crown of gold all around it. 12 And you shall cast four rings of gold for it, and put them on its four corners, two rings on one side of it and two rings on its other side. 13 And you shall make poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold, 14 and you shall put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, so that the ark may be carried by them. 15 The poles shall remain in the rings of the ark; they shall not be removed from it. 16 And you shall put into the ark the Testimony that I will give you. 17 And you shall make a Mercy Seat of pure gold; two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. 18 And you shall make two cherubim of gold; you shall make them of hammered work, at the two ends of the Mercy Seat. 19 And you shall make one cherub at one end and one cherub at the other end of the Mercy Seat; you shall make the cherubim on its two ends. 20 And the cherubim shall spread out their wings above, overshadowing the Mercy Seat with their wings; and their faces shall be toward each other; the faces of the cherubim shall be toward the Mercy Seat. 21 And you will put the Mercy Seat on top of the Ark, and in the ark you will put the Testimony that I will give you. 22 And I will appoint My Memra to meet you there;⁠ and I will speak with you from above the Mercy Seat, from between the two Cherubim that are on the Ark of the Testimony, all that I will command you for the sons of Israel. 23 And you will make a Table of acacia wood, two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. 24 And you shall overlay it with pure gold, and make a crown of gold all around it. 25 And you shall make a rim around it a handbreadth high, and make a crown of gold for its rim all around. 26 And you shall make four rings of gold for it, and put the rings on the four corners at its four legs. 27 The rings shall be close to the rim, as holders for the poles to carry the table. 28 And you shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold, so that the table may be carried by them. 29 And you shall make its dishes and its bowls, its jars and its cups with which the drink offerings are poured; you shall make them of pure gold. 30 And you shall set the Bread of the Presence on the table before Me continually. 31 And you shall make a Lampstand; you shall make the lampstand of pure hammered gold; its base and its shaft, its cups, apples, and lilies shall be of one piece with it. 32 And six branches shall come out of its sides, three branches of the lampstand from one side, and three branches of the lampstand from the other side. 33 Three cups shaped on one branch, with apple and lily, and three cups shaped on another branch, with apple and lily; so for the six branches that come out of the lampstand. 34 And on the lampstand itself there shall be four cups, shaped with apples and lilies; 35 an apple under two of the branches, and an apple under two more, and so for the six branches that come out of the lampstand. 36 Their apples and their branches shall be of one piece with it, all of it hammered work of pure gold. 37 And you shall make its seven lamps, and light its lamps so that they shine toward its front. 38 And its tongs and its pans shall be made of pure gold. 39 It shall be made, with all these vessels, from a talent of pure gold. 40 And see that you make them according to their pattern, which was shown on the mountain.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 25:22 and Onkelos Exodus 25:22

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Exodus 25 shows God meeting and speaking with Moses from between the cherubim, suggesting direct physical presence. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos avoids this by using “memra” to emphasize divine communication instead through an intermediary.

Passages

Exodus 25:22

Hebrew Bible
21 You are to put the atonement lid on top of the ark, and in the ark you are to put the testimony I am giving you. 22 I will meet with you there, and from above the atonement lid, from between the two cherubim that are over the ark of the testimony, I will speak with you about all that I will command you for the Israelites. 23 “You are to make a table of acacia wood; its length is to be 36 inches, its width 18 inches, and its height 27 inches.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Onkelos Exodus 25:22

Targum
21 And you will put the Mercy Seat on top of the Ark, and in the ark you will put the Testimony that I will give you. 22 And I will appoint My Memra to meet you there; and I will speak with you from above the Mercy Seat, from between the two Cherubim that are on the Ark of the Testimony, all that I will command you for the sons of Israel. 23 And you will make a Table of acacia wood, two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Exodus

References

"... Bible: 'and I will meet with you there.' Onkelos avoids the anthropomorphic divine appearance with memra, meaning 'word,' 'wisdom,' 'command,' 'will,' 'teaching,' 'inspiration,' 'power,' or 'protection.' The targumist does not use 'glory' or Shekhinah, because of the context of the passage. The verse states: 'I will speak with you,' therefore 'word'" or 'wisdom' is appropriate. However, the Babylonian Talmud (Sukkah 5a and Sanhedrin 7a), since it is not a biblical translation and does not follow the targumic style, mentions Shekhinah in reference to this verse ..."
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Exodus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2006), 169.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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