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Onkelos Deuteronomy

About this book

Love for God

Chapter 6

1 And this is the commandment, these are the statutes and the judgments, which the Lord your God has commanded me to teach you to perform in the land to which you go over to possess it, 2 so that you may fear before the Lord your God, and keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you; you, your sons, and your sons' sons, all the days of your life, that you may live long. 3 And you, Israel, shall receive, and keep, and perform, so that things may go well for you, and you may increase greatly, as the Lord God of your fathers has said to you, in the land which produces milk and honey. 4 Listen, Israel: the Lord our God is one Lord: 5 and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your wealth.⁠ 6 And these words that I command you today shall be upon your heart. 7 And you shall teach them to your children, and talk of them when you are sitting in your house, and when you travel, and when you lie down and when you get up. 8 And you shall bind them for a sign upon your hand, and they shall be for tephillin between your eyes; 9 and you shall write them upon the doorposts, and affix them to the lintels of your house, and upon your gates.

Remembering God in the Land

10 And it shall be, when the Lord your God has brought you into the land which He promised to your fathers, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give you great and fine cities which you did not build, 11 and houses full of goods that you did not fill, and cisterns dug out which you did not dig, vineyards and olive trees which you did not plant, and you have eaten and are full; 12 be careful not to forget the fear of the Lord who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from the place of slavery. 13 You shall fear the Lord your God, and serve before Him, and swear by His Name. 14 You shall not go after the idols of the Gentiles, the idols of the peoples who surround you 15 for the Lord your God is a jealous God, His Shekinah dwells among you, otherwise the anger of the Lord your God will be kindled against you, and He will destroy you from the face of the earth. 16 You shall not test the Lord your God as you tested Him in the testing: 17 you shall carefully keep the commandments of the Lord your God, His testimonies, and His statutes He has commanded you, 18 and do what is right and good before the Lord, so that things may go well for you, and you may enter in and possess the good land which the Lord swore to your fathers 19 to defeat all your enemies before you, as He has said.

Teaching the Children

20 When your son asks you in the future, saying, What are the testimonies, statutes, and judgments, which the Lord our God has commanded you? 21 then you shall say, We were servants to Pharaoh in Egypt; and the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand, 22 and performed great and terrible miracles against Pharaoh, and all the men of his house, before our eyes; 23 and He brought us out from there, to bring us in, to give us the land which He swore to our fathers. 24 And the Lord commanded us to perform all these statutes, to fear the Lord our God, so that things may always go well for us and He may keep us alive, as we are today. 25 And it shall be our righteousness to take care to do all these commandments before the Lord our God, as He has commanded us.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 6:5 and Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5 and Mark 10:21

Hebrew Bible · Targum · New Testament

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Summary

Deuteronomy 6 commands love of God with all one's strength, which the Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos interprets as wealth. In Mark, the rich man says he follows the Torah, and Jesus says he needs to give his wealth, suggesting a similar reading.

Passages

Deuteronomy 6:5

Hebrew Bible
3 Pay attention, Israel, and be careful to do this so that it may go well with you and that you may increase greatly in number—as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, said to you, you will have a land flowing with milk and honey. 4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one! 5 You must love the Lord your God with your whole mind, your whole being, and all your strength. 6 These words I am commanding you today must be kept in mind, 7 and you must teach them to your children and speak of them as you sit in your house, as you walk along the road, as you lie down, and as you get up.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5

Targum
3 And you, Israel, shall receive, and keep, and perform, so that things may go well for you, and you may increase greatly, as the Lord God of your fathers has said to you, in the land which produces milk and honey. 4 Listen, Israel: the Lord our God is one Lord: 5 and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your wealth. 6 And these words that I command you today shall be upon your heart. 7 And you shall teach them to your children, and talk of them when you are sitting in your house, and when you travel, and when you lie down and when you get up.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Deuteronomy

Mark 10:21

New Testament
17 Now as Jesus was starting out on his way, someone ran up to him, fell on his knees, and said, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 19 You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.’” 20 The man said to him, “Teacher, I have wholeheartedly obeyed all these laws since my youth.” 21 As Jesus looked at him, he felt love for him and said, “You lack one thing. Go, sell whatever you have and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.” 22 But at this statement, the man looked sad and went away sorrowful, for he was very rich.
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

“... We may presume Jesus cited Deuteronomy 6:5 to the scribe in Aramaic. It would be interesting to know what word he used as a rendering of me’od of the Hebrew text. The Septuagint renders this by dynamis, “might,” “power,” etc.; the synoptics use ischys, “strength.” [...] Palestinian tradition, as found in the Palestinian Targum, Onqelos and the Peshitta, rendered the word in the sense of “riches,” “abundance,” each choosing a different word to express this idea. The Palestinian Targum as found in Neofiti, Pseudo-Jonathan and the Fragment Targum has: “[thou shalt love the Lord] with all your wealth” (mamonak); Onqelos (and Targ. 2 Kings 23:25) has “with all thy property” (niksak), while the Peshitta renders “with all thy possessions” (qnynk). We may safely assume, then, that in Christ’s day this injunction of the Shema‘ was taken to mean a command to love God with all one’s external possessions. When the rich man came to Jesus asking what he should do to attain eternal life, Jesus replied that for him this meant putting this injunction of his profession of faith into practice in a particular way. Loving God with all one’s riches was now interpreted for the rich man as meaning to sell what he had, give to the poor, and follow Christ. ...”
Martin McNamara, Targum and Testament Revisited: Aramaic Paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible: A Light on the New Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010), 192.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 6:5 and Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5 and Mark 10:21

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