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Mark

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Then Jesus left that place and went to the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan River. Again crowds gathered to him, and again, as was his custom, he taught them. 2 Then some Pharisees came, and to test him they asked, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” 3 He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” 4 They said, “Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of dismissal and to divorce her.” 5 But Jesus said to them, “He wrote this commandment for you because of your hard hearts. 6 But from the beginning of creation he made them male and female.⁠ 7 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother, 8 and the two will become one flesh.⁠ So they are no longer two, but one flesh. 9 Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.” 10 In the house once again, the disciples asked him about this. 11 So he told them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her. 12 And if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.” 13 Now people were bringing little children to him for him to touch,⁠ but the disciples scolded those who brought them.⁠ 14 But when Jesus saw this, he was indignant and said to them, “Let the little children come to me and do not try to stop them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. 15 I tell you the truth, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child will never enter it.” 16 After he took the children in his arms, he placed his hands on them and blessed them. 17 Now as Jesus was starting out on his way, someone ran up to him, fell on his knees, and said, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 19 You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.’” 20 The man said to him, “Teacher, I have wholeheartedly obeyed all these laws since my youth.” 21 As Jesus looked at him, he felt love for him and said, “You lack one thing.⁠ Go, sell whatever you have and give the money to the poor,⁠ and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.” 22 But at this statement, the man looked sad and went away sorrowful, for he was very rich.⁠ 23 Then Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, “How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!”⁠ 24 The disciples were astonished at these words. But again Jesus said to them, “Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God! 25 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 26 They were even more astonished and said to one another, “Then who can be saved?” 27 Jesus looked at them and replied, “This is impossible for mere humans, but not for God; all things are possible for God.” 28 Peter began to speak to him, “Look, we have left everything to follow you!” 29 Jesus said, “I tell you the truth, there is no one who has left home or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the sake of the gospel 30 who will not receive in this age a hundred times as much—homes, brothers, sisters, mothers, children, fields, all with persecutions—and in the age to come, eternal life. 31 But many who are first will be last, and the last first.”⁠ 32 They were on the way, going up to Jerusalem. Jesus was going ahead of them, and they were amazed, but those who followed were afraid. He took the Twelve aside again and began to tell them what was going to happen to him. 33 “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and experts in the law. They will condemn him to death and will turn him over to the Gentiles. 34 They will mock him, spit on him, flog him severely, and kill him. Yet after three days, he will rise again.” 35 Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to him and said, “Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we ask.” 36 He said to them, “What do you want me to do for you?” 37 They said to him, “Permit one of us to sit at your right hand and the other at your left in your glory.” 38 But Jesus said to them, “You don’t know what you are asking! Are you able to drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I experience?”⁠ 39 They said to him, “We are able.” Then Jesus said to them, “You will drink the cup I drink, and you will be baptized with the baptism I experience, 40 but to sit at my right or at my left is not mine to give. It is for those for whom it has been prepared.” 41 Now when the other 10 heard this, they became angry with James and John. 42 Jesus called them and said to them, “You know that those who are recognized as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in high positions use their authority over them. 43 But it is not this way among you. Instead whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant, 44 and whoever wants to be first among you must be the slave of all. 45 For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” 46 They came to Jericho. As Jesus and his disciples and a large crowd were leaving Jericho, Bartimaeus the son of Timaeus, a blind beggar, was sitting by the road. 47 When he heard that it was Jesus the Nazarene, he began to shout, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!” 48 Many scolded him to get him to be quiet, but he shouted all the more, “Son of David, have mercy on me!” 49 Jesus stopped and said, “Call him.” So they called the blind man and said to him, “Have courage! Get up! He is calling you.” 50 He threw off his cloak, jumped up, and came to Jesus. 51 Then Jesus said to him, “What do you want me to do for you?” The blind man replied, “Rabbi, let me see again.” 52 Jesus said to him, “Go, your faith has healed you.” Immediately he regained his sight and followed him on the road.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 6:5 and Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5 and Mark 10:21

Hebrew Bible · Targum · New Testament

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Summary

Deuteronomy 6 commands love of God with all one's strength, which the Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos interprets as wealth. In Mark, the rich man says he follows the Torah, and Jesus says he needs to give his wealth, suggesting a similar reading.

Passages

Deuteronomy 6:5

Hebrew Bible
3 Pay attention, Israel, and be careful to do this so that it may go well with you and that you may increase greatly in number—as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, said to you, you will have a land flowing with milk and honey. 4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord is one! 5 You must love the Lord your God with your whole mind, your whole being, and all your strength. 6 These words I am commanding you today must be kept in mind, 7 and you must teach them to your children and speak of them as you sit in your house, as you walk along the road, as you lie down, and as you get up.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5

Targum
3 And you, Israel, shall receive, and keep, and perform, so that things may go well for you, and you may increase greatly, as the Lord God of your fathers has said to you, in the land which produces milk and honey. 4 Listen, Israel: the Lord our God is one Lord: 5 and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your wealth. 6 And these words that I command you today shall be upon your heart. 7 And you shall teach them to your children, and talk of them when you are sitting in your house, and when you travel, and when you lie down and when you get up.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Deuteronomy

Mark 10:21

New Testament
17 Now as Jesus was starting out on his way, someone ran up to him, fell on his knees, and said, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18 Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 19 You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not give false testimony, do not defraud, honor your father and mother.’” 20 The man said to him, “Teacher, I have wholeheartedly obeyed all these laws since my youth.” 21 As Jesus looked at him, he felt love for him and said, “You lack one thing. Go, sell whatever you have and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.” 22 But at this statement, the man looked sad and went away sorrowful, for he was very rich.
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

“... We may presume Jesus cited Deuteronomy 6:5 to the scribe in Aramaic. It would be interesting to know what word he used as a rendering of me’od of the Hebrew text. The Septuagint renders this by dynamis, “might,” “power,” etc.; the synoptics use ischys, “strength.” [...] Palestinian tradition, as found in the Palestinian Targum, Onqelos and the Peshitta, rendered the word in the sense of “riches,” “abundance,” each choosing a different word to express this idea. The Palestinian Targum as found in Neofiti, Pseudo-Jonathan and the Fragment Targum has: “[thou shalt love the Lord] with all your wealth” (mamonak); Onqelos (and Targ. 2 Kings 23:25) has “with all thy property” (niksak), while the Peshitta renders “with all thy possessions” (qnynk). We may safely assume, then, that in Christ’s day this injunction of the Shema‘ was taken to mean a command to love God with all one’s external possessions. When the rich man came to Jesus asking what he should do to attain eternal life, Jesus replied that for him this meant putting this injunction of his profession of faith into practice in a particular way. Loving God with all one’s riches was now interpreted for the rich man as meaning to sell what he had, give to the poor, and follow Christ. ...”
Martin McNamara, Targum and Testament Revisited: Aramaic Paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible: A Light on the New Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010), 192.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 6:5 and Onkelos Deuteronomy 6:5 and Mark 10:21

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